“…Arabic language education has become a significant concern in education around the world (Blignault, et al, 2019;El Rahman, 2020;Isani, 2021;Pereira, 2017;Thomure, 2018) during the last five decades, especially during the pandemic (Akmaliyah, et al, 2020;Hilmi, et al, 2020;Ibrahim, 2020;Mabruri, et al, 2021;Wargadinata, et al, 2020). For instance, in Indonesia there were several studies of Arabic language learning during the pandemic; teaching media (Ahmadi & Ilmiani, 2020;Nurcholis, et al, 2021), cognitive structures (Jazeeh, et al, 2021), learning management (Yahya, 2021), teaching and learning (Moghazy, 2020), website (Jusni & Ardiansyah, 2020), and learning evaluation (Thohir, et al, 2020).…”