Arabidopsis AT-hook protein TEK positively regulates the expression of arabinogalactan proteins in controlling nexine layer formation in the pollen wall

Jia, Qi-Shi; Zhu, Jun; Xu, Xiaofeng; Lou, Yue; Zhang, Zhanlin; Zhang, Zhiping; Yang, Zhong‐Nan

doi:10.1093/mp/ssu114

Cited by 3 publications

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“…TEM showed that accumulation of osmiophilic materials was significantly reduced in periplasmic space on the surface of microspores in tek at later tetrad stage [6]. The characterization of TEK function showed that several glycoproteins are essential for nexine layer formation in pollen wall development [10]. Therefore, we propose that these materials are precursor of nexine layer.…”

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confidence: 80%

Ultrastructure analysis reveals sporopollenin deposition and nexine formation at early stage of pollen wall development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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confidence: 80%

Ultrastructure analysis reveals sporopollenin deposition and nexine formation at early stage of pollen wall development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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“…Blankschtein et al , ; Honda et al , ). Having in mind that the contents of the periplasmic space include glycoprotein surfactants (including arabinogalactan proteins; Li et al , ; Jia et al , ) and changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic (when lipoid sporopollenin surfactant monomers are added, starting with the late tetrad stage), it is clear that self‐aggregation in developing exines is inevitable: the formation of micellar mesophases is favorable energetically, and there is a propensity to form particular structures (Hemsley & Griffiths, ). At the same time, several examples shown in this paper clearly demonstrate that phase separation coexists with the self‐assembly processes, modulating the concentration of substances in different layers (spatially modulated phase).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial pollen walls simulated by the tandem processes of phase separation and self‐assemblyin vitro

2019

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Despite numerous attempts to elucidate the developmental mechanisms responsible for the observed diversity of pollen and spore walls, the processes involved remained obscure until the structures observed during exine development were recognized as a sequence of selfassembling micellar mesophases. To confirm this, a series of in vitro experiments was undertaken in which exine-like patterns were generated in colloidal mixtures by self-assembly, without any genomic participation. The intention was to test whether all the main types of exine structure could be simulated experimentally.Mixtures of substances, analogous to those involved in microspore development, were left undisturbed while water evaporated and self-assembly occurred. We varied the substances, their combinations and concentrations, and the physical constraints to make the experiments closer to the situation in nature. The resulting dry films were then examined using transmission electron microscopy.A variety of microstructures, simulating the full range of exine types, was obtained by micellar self-assembly. Moreover, the signs of related physicochemical process (i.e. phase separation) were also observed.Simple, energy-efficient, physical-chemical interactions, phase separation and self-assembly, are capable of generating exine-like patterns, providing evidence that these processes share control of exine formation with the well-documented program of gene expression.

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“…The sexine layer is completely absent in myb80, which suggests that MYB80 regulates of sexine synthesis (Zhang et al, 2007). TEK regulates several genes that encode arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) for nexine formation Jia et al, 2015). These findings suggest that both synthesis of the pollen wall and tapetum secretion for pollen development are under the direct regulation of AMS (Figure 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Transporter 5 plays an important role in Mg transport for male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis

Wang

Lou

et al. 2015

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYDuring anther development the male gametophyte develops inside the locule and the tapetal cells provide all nutrients for its development. Magnesium Transporter 5 (MGT5) is a member of the MGT family and has dual functions of Mg export and import. Here, we show that male gametophyte mitosis and intine formation are defective in a mgt5 mutant. The transient expression of GFP-MGT5 revealed that MGT5 is localized in the plasma membrane. These findings suggest that in the male gametophyte MGT5 plays a role in importing Mg from the locule and that Mg is essential for male gametophyte development. The expression of MGT5 in the knockout ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) mutant (AMS being an essential regulator of tapetum) is tremendously reduced. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and mobility shift assay experiments demonstrated that AMS can directly bind the promoter of MGT5. An immunoelectron microscopy assay revealed that MGT5-His is localized to the plasma membrane of the tapetum. These findings suggest that AMS directly regulates MGT5 in the tapetum and thus induces export of Mg into the locule. The mgt5 plant exhibits severe male sterility while the expression of MGT5 under the tapetum-specific promoter A9 partly rescued mgt5 fertility. mgt5 fertility was restored under high-Mg conditions. These findings suggest that the mgt5 tapetum still has the ability to export Mg and that a sufficient supply of Mg from the tapetum can improve the importation of Mg in the mgt5 male gametophyte. Therefore, MGT5 plays an important role in Mg transport from the tapetum to the microspore.

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Arabidopsis AT-hook protein TEK positively regulates the expression of arabinogalactan proteins in controlling nexine layer formation in the pollen wall

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Ultrastructure analysis reveals sporopollenin deposition and nexine formation at early stage of pollen wall development in Arabidopsis

Ultrastructure analysis reveals sporopollenin deposition and nexine formation at early stage of pollen wall development in Arabidopsis

Artificial pollen walls simulated by the tandem processes of phase separation and self‐assemblyin vitro

Magnesium Transporter 5 plays an important role in Mg transport for male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis

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