Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and polyunsaturated fatty acid effects on gut microbiota and metabolic markers in overweight individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome: A randomized cross-over trial

Kjølbæk, Louise; Benı́tez-Páez, Alfonso; Pulgar, Eva M. Gómez del; Brahe, Lena K.; Liebisch, Gerhard; Matysik, Silke; Rampelli, Simone; Vermeiren, Joan; Brigidi, Patrizia; Larsen, Lesli H.; Astrup, Arne; Sanz, Yolanda

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.01.012

Cited by 85 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Finally, we detected one negative correlation between MCP-1 values and OTU63 abundance ( ϭ Ϫ0. 35 and P ϭ 0.013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Further studies are, therefore, warranted to investigate this hypothesis in depth using in vivo study models in order to draw definitive conclusions about the potential and differential role of Blautia species in the management of obesity and its metabolic complications. For example, one of our previous intervention trials in overweight subjects indicates that intake of a wheat bran extract enriched in arabinoxylans boosts the proportion of Blautia species (34,35), suggesting that it is possible to design diet-based interventions to enrich the gut ecosystem with these bacterial species depleted in obese children. In spite of this, preclinical and clinical intervention trials with B. luti and B. wexlerae strains would be needed to definitively demonstrate their potential protective effect against obesity and prediabetic states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening

et al. 2020

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Cross-sectional studies conducted with obese and control subjects have suggested associations between gut microbiota alterations and obesity, but the links with specific disease phenotypes and proofs of causality are still scarce. The present study aimed to profile the gut microbiota of lean and obese children with and without insulin resistance to characterize associations with specific obesity-related complications and understand the role played in metabolic inflammation. Through massive sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and data analysis using a novel permutation approach, we have detected decreased incidence of Blautia species, especially Blautia luti and B. wexlerae, in the gut microbiota of obese children, which was even more pronounced in cases with both obesity and insulin resistance. There was also a parallel increase in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]) in feces of obese children compared to those of lean ones. B. luti and B. wexlerae were also shown to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures in vitro, compared to non-obesity-associated species. We suggest that the depletion of B. luti and B. wexlerae species in the gut ecosystem may occur in cases of obesity and contribute to metabolic inflammation leading to insulin resistance. IMPORTANCE Child obesity constitutes a risk factor for developing insulin resistance which, if sustained, could lead to more severe conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. Our study identified previously unknown species whose depletion (Blautia luti and Blautia wexlerae) is associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals. Our results also indicate that these bacterial species might help to reduce inflammation causally linked to obesity-related complications. Childhood is considered a window of opportunity to tackle obesity. These new findings provide, therefore, valuable information for the future design of microbiota-based strategies for the early prevention of obesity-related complications.

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“…Finally, we detected one negative correlation between MCP-1 values and OTU63 abundance ( ϭ Ϫ0. 35 and P ϭ 0.013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening

et al. 2020

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“…This study is the first analyzing the effects of AXOS intake on gut microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing in human. The main results demonstrated that AXOS exhibit the characteristic bifidogenic effect and promote the increase of a wide variety of butyrate producers [58].…”

Section: Arabinoxylans (Ax)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Nutritional interest of dietary fiber and prebiotics in obesity: Lessons from the MyNewGut consortium

et al. 2020

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s u m m a r yThe aim of EU project MyNewGut is to contribute to future public health-related recommendations supported by new insight in gut microbiome and nutrition-host relationship. In this Opinion Paper, we first revisit the concept of dietary fiber, taking into account their interaction with the gut microbiota. This paper also summarizes the main effects of dietary fibers with prebiotic properties in intervention studies in humans, with a particular emphasis on the effects of arabinoxylans and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides on metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Based on the existing state of the art and future development, we elaborate the steps required to propose dietary guidelines related to dietary fibers, taking into account their interaction with the gut microbiota.

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“…This study included cross-sectional baseline data from six human intervention trials: 3G, OPUS, DIOGENES, RIGHT, MyNewGut (MNG), and PROKA (10–15). The studies were registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; 3G (NCT01719913 and NCT01731366); SHOPUS (NCT01195610); DIOGENES (NCT00390637); RIGHT (NCT02358122); MNG: (NCT02215343); PROKA (NCT01561131) and approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the Capital Region of Denmark in accordance with Helsinki Declaration 3G (H-2-2012-064 and H-2-2012-065); SHOPUS (H-3-2010-058); RIGHT (H-1-2014-062); MNG (H-4-2014-052); and PROKA (H-2-2011-145) or the local ethical committees in the respective countries (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal abdominal diameter and waist circumference are equally good as identifiers of cardiometabolic risk

Møller

Ritz

Vuholm

et al. 2019

Preprint

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BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are commonly used markers of cardiometabolic risk. However, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been proposed to be a better marker of intra-abdominal obesity compared to WC and might better associate with metabolic disturbances in high-risk populations. The objective of this study was to compare SAD, WC, and BMI as determinants of an adverse metabolic phenotype.MethodAnthropometric and metabolic measures of 1516 overweight or obese individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome were included to examine differences between SAD, WC and BMI as measures of an adverse metabolic phenotype. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between SAD, WC, and BMI and markers of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, blood lipids, and low grade inflammation.ResultsBoth SAD and WC correlated with BMI, but as BMI increased, SAD proportionately estimated higher abdominal adiposity compared to WC (slope = 0.0037 (0.0029; 0.0046), p<0.0001). We did not find major differences between SAD, WC and BMI in explained variance in models with the different markers of metabolic risk. Furthermore, we did not find differences between SAD and WC in the ability to identify individuals with metabolic syndrome according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-offs, but a few differences from BMI were indicated but mostly before adjustments. Moreover, the differences between SAD and WC associations were not modified by sex or degree of adiposity, but identification of individuals with a metabolic phenotype was generally better in women.ConclusionThese data indicate that SAD and WC are equally good indicators of an adverse metabolic phenotype. Thus, from a public health perspective choice of anthropometric measure may depend only on what is the most practical method in a given situation.

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Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and polyunsaturated fatty acid effects on gut microbiota and metabolic markers in overweight individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome: A randomized cross-over trial

Cited by 85 publications

References 55 publications

Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening

Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening

Nutritional interest of dietary fiber and prebiotics in obesity: Lessons from the MyNewGut consortium

Sagittal abdominal diameter and waist circumference are equally good as identifiers of cardiometabolic risk

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