Arachidonic acid and arachidonoyldiglycerols increase in rat cerebrum during bicuculline-induced status epilepticus

Abstract

Bicuculline-induced status epilepticus was found to be associated with increased amounts of free fatty acids and diacylglycerols in the rat cerebrum. The predominant fatty acid in both lipid pools was arachidonic acid. The accumulation of arachidonoyl-diglycerols decreased at the time of and during behavioral seizures induced by bicuculline, while the amount of free arachidonic acid appeared to increase. We propose a metabolic relationship between these lipids to explain the described changes. The similarities between the composition of the lipid pools and the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositol support the hypothesis that these changes may be a result of a convulsion-activated degradation of this phospholipid from excitable membranes.

Targeting brain and peripheral plasticity of the lipidome in acute kainic acid-induced epileptic seizures in mice via quantitative mass spectrometry

“…This study was carried out using tissue and blood sampling, handling and extraction procedures, and decapitation as sacrificing method that are equally carried out (see Materials and methods), both time-and procedure-wise, for epilepsy mice models and control mice in order to allow reliable comparative assessment of lipid levels in both groups. The procedure applied in our study did not allow and aim at quantifying and comparing endogenous lipid levels in KA-induced epileptic seizures and controls, as alterations of fatty acid metabolism by decapitation and/or anesthesia can occur [31][32][33]. It is well known that decapitation induces changes in the endogenous levels of bioactive lipids due to ischemia effects on fatty acid metabolism.…”

“…Determination of endogenous levels of bioactive lipids such as eicosanoids and endocannabinoids was shown to be very reliable when using microwave-irradiation, which leads to heat-inactivation of enzymes involved in synthesis and degradation of lipids. Thus, head-focused microwave irradiation was reported to allow measuring of brain lipids at their endogenous levels [24,[31][32][33]. Cravatt et coll.…”

Molecular properties of diacylglycerol kinase-epsilon in relation to function

“…Phospholipids act as reservoirs of free 20:4, which is converted to prostaglandins during epileptogenesis. It is also known that 20:4 DAG accumulates in the brain during seizures (Bazan, 2005;Horrocks and Farooqui, 1994;Sun et al, 2004;Aveldano and Bazan, 1975;Bazan et al, 1982). Physiologically, the DGKe-KO mice showed decreased behavioural responses to electroconvulsive shock (ECS) with shorter tonic seizures and faster recovery times than WT mice (Rodriguez de Turco et al, 2001).…”

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 is induced in reactive glia following different forms of neurodegeneration

“…An abnormal composition and release of arachidonic acid and other free fatty acids has been reported in disorders in the CNS including cerebral ischemia (Edgar et al, 1982;Rordorf et al, 1991;Clemens et al, 1996), traumatic brain injury (Shohami et al, 1989), schizophrenia (Ross et al, 1997), and seizures (Bazan et al, 1982;Siesjo et al, 1982). For this reason, and in view of the presence of numerous inflammatory mediators and acute phase proteins in diseased brain, localization of cPLA 2 was evaluated in several different experimental and clinical conditions of CNS injury.…”