Arachnoiditis Ossificans

Nainkin, L.

doi:10.1097/00007632-197803000-00015

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The third group (type 3) is the rarest and is characterized by circumferential ossification of the arachnoid around the spinal cord [1,9,13,21,26,53] or cauda equina. [23,33,44,52,57] This type of ossification is almost always associated with a clinical picture of progressive neurological worsening; the cause of this condition and the value of surgery in its treatment are uncertain. The first clinical description of this type of ossification was given by Dandy [9] in 1925.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36] The development of arachnoid ossification in patients with previous tuberculous meningitis, spinal anesthesia, myelograms, intrathecal injections of Depo-Medrol, and subarachnoid hemorrhages, all of which may be a cause of the chronic arachnoiditis, further supports this theory. [5,13,14,23,29,33,43,52,[56][57][58]61] The second theory correlates formation of bone with the presence of arachnoidal granulations that have a propensity to calcify and ossify over time. [8,16,17,24] Histological evidence of such arachnoidal cell clusters was obtained during detailed studies of the spinal meninges earlier this century.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extensive arachnoid ossification with associated syringomyelia presenting as thoracic myelopathy

Slavin¹,

Nixon²,

Nesbit³

et al. 1999

FOC

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The authors present the case of a patient in whom progressive thoracic myelopathy was caused by the extensive ossification of the arachnoid membrane and associated intramedullary syrinx. Based on their findings and the results of a literature search, they describe a pathological basis of this rare condition, discuss its incidence and symptomatology, and suggest a simple classification of various types of the arachnoid ossification. They also discuss magnetic resonance imaging features of arachnoid ossification and associated spinal cord changes. Emphasis is placed on the particular value of plain computerized tomography, which is highly sensitive for detecting intraspinal calcifications and ossifications, in the diagnostic evaluation of patients whose clinical picture indicates progressive myelopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive arachnoid ossification with associated syringomyelia presenting as thoracic myelopathy

Slavin¹,

Nixon²,

Nesbit³

et al. 1999

FOC

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“…Whether due to vascular abnormalities or repetitive insult, the multipotential cells are exposed to a hypoxic environment and undergo bony metaplasia. The proliferation of osteoblasts leads to the development of ossification [6,8,10,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arachnoid ossificans containing metaplastic hematopoietic marrow resulting in diffuse thoracic intrathecal cysts and severe myelopathy

Abrams

Mindea

et al. 2011

Eur Spine J

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Objective To present a rare case of multiple compressive thoracic intradural cysts with pathologic arachnoid ossification, review the literature and present the surgical options. Summary of background data Few reports have identified the existence of arachnoid calcifications and intrathecal cysts causing progressive myelopathy. The literature regarding each of these pathologies is limited to case reports. Their clinical significance is not well studied, although known to cause neurologic sequelae. Methods An 81-year-old female clinically presents with rapidly progressive myelopathy. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging identified multiple compressive thoracic intrathecal cysts. Surgical exploration and decompression of these cysts identified calcified plaques within the arachnoid. Histopathologic examination revealed fibrocalcific tissue undergoing ossification with bone marrow elements. Results Due to progressive myelopathy, the thoracic cysts were decompressed and calcified plaques were excised, once identified intra-operatively. Conclusions On last examination, the patient's neurologic status had not improved, but had stabilized. The rate of neurologic improvement from excision and decompression is variable, but it may still be warranted in the face of progressive neurologic deficits.

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“…11,19,24,26 Generally, AO extends over fewer than five vertebral levels; in only two cases did it comprise more than 10. 11,19,24,26 Generally, AO extends over fewer than five vertebral levels; in only two cases did it comprise more than 10.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,21 Myelographic contrast (oil-based) medium, has been considered as a factor, although this has not been substantiated. 1 Several other factors have been mentioned: meningitis, 19,28 repeated mechanical insult to spinal meninges, 9,11,19 and genetics in familial cases of spinal arachnoiditis. 1 Several other factors have been mentioned: meningitis, 19,28 repeated mechanical insult to spinal meninges, 9,11,19 and genetics in familial cases of spinal arachnoiditis.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of the Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arachnoiditis ossificans of the cauda equina

Faure

Khalfallah²,

Perrouin-Verbe³

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine

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✓ The authors describe a case of arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) of the cauda equina. The lesion is a rare pathological entity usually confined to the thoracic and high lumbar regions that can cause progressive spinal cord and cauda equina compression, inducing severe neurological deterioration. The authors analyze the clinical symptoms, radiological features, histological data, and treatment options relating to this case and 13 others described in the literature; additionally, they consider the possible mechanisms responsible for ossification of the leptomeninges. Although clustered arachnoidal cells are usually implicated in its pathogenesis, an environment induced by arachnoiditis and disturbed cerebrospinal fluid flow appears to be a more important factor. A therapeutic strategy is proposed for AO for which no effective treatment currently exists.

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Arachnoiditis Ossificans

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Extensive arachnoid ossification with associated syringomyelia presenting as thoracic myelopathy

Extensive arachnoid ossification with associated syringomyelia presenting as thoracic myelopathy

Arachnoid ossificans containing metaplastic hematopoietic marrow resulting in diffuse thoracic intrathecal cysts and severe myelopathy

Arachnoiditis ossificans of the cauda equina

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