Arasin 1, a proline–arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide isolated from the spider crab, Hyas araneus

Identification, synthesis and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide HKPLP derived from Hippocampus kuda Bleeker

“…24,25 The specific amino acid-enriched peptides from marine species include the proline-rich, [26][27][28] arginine-rich 29,30 and glycine-rich. 31 Hyastatin, an 11.7 kDa glycine-rich (11.6%, 15 glycines in 129 total residues) peptide from the spider crab hemocytes, 31 possesses activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi.…”

Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides: converging to a non-lytic mechanism of action

“…Astacidin sequences present a characteristic repeated RPxY motif (Table 3) [46]. The bipartite arrangement of Pro-Arg-rich and disulphide bridged domains is also found in arasins, recently identified in spider and mud crabs [47][48], and callinectin from the blue crab [49] (see Table 3). They both present a disordered N-terminal Pro-Arg-rich domain and a structured C-terminal domain, in this case stabilized by only two disulfide linkages.…”

“…Charge and percentage of proline residues are based on this sequence 64-residue propeptide with a 25-residue hydrophobic propiece. A synthetic version of mature arasin-1 has been confirmed to have antibacterial activity [48].…”

“…For penaeidins, Pro-rich and Cys-rich domains, aligned separately, are connected by a stretch of different size, indicated as brackets. Variants were obtained by blasting the respective type sequence[15,18,42,[47][48][49]109] against the Uniprot database b Based on Pro-rich domain only c Net charge, His residues are considered neutral d The nomenclature of the PenBase penaeidins database is used (see [109]) e Disulfide bridging pattern f Putative disulfide pattern g Only the N-terminal sequence of a 6.5-kDa protein is known h Putative mature peptide Non-lytic proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 2321 functional fragments. The concentrations required to kill Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and S. enterica are about two orders of magnitude lower than those needed to kill the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterobacter faecalis…”

Antimicrobial Lipids from the Hemolymph of Brachyuran Crabs

“…However, several antimicrobial peptides have been isolated and partially characterized from the hemocytes of the small spider crab H. araneus. These include hyasin a proline rich, crustins [22] and arasin-1 a proline-arginine rich [23], crustin isoforms being antibacterial as well as antifungal, with highest activity against Gram-positive bacteria C. glutamicum. Though antimicrobial activity against few selected microorganism is reported for the plasma of H. araneus, there are no reports of any investigation on the type of compounds responsible for the activity.…”