“…We assessed medications relevant in COVID-19, including (1) COVID-19-specific medications, defined as pharmacological agents under investigation or reported to have effects against COVID-19, including remdesivir [ 8 , 37 ], systemic corticosteroids [ 9 ], tocilizumab [ 16 , 17 ], hydroxychloroquine [ 10 , 11 ], azithromycin [ 11 , 12 ], sarilumab [ 38 ], siltuximab [ 39 ], darunavir/cobicistat [ 13 ], interferon-beta [ 14 , 15 ], nitric oxide [ 40 , 41 ], favipiravir [ 42 ], canakinumab [ 43 ], ravulizumab [ 44 ], ibrutinib [ 45 ], anakinra [ 43 , 46 ], rilonacept [ 47 ], and umifenovir [ 48 ]; and (2) medications that may be used for supportive care in patients with COVID-19, including statins [ 22 ], anti-infective agents (antibiotics, anti-fungal agents, and anti-viral agents for other specific viruses, [ 23 , 24 ], anticoagulants [ 25 , 26 ], inhalers/nebulizers [ 49 ], ACEIs [ 19 – 21 ], angiotensin receptor blockers [ 19 – 21 ], proton pump inhibitors [ 27 , 28 ], and H2RAs [ 27 , 29 ]. We assessed inpatient medication use via electronic medication administration data, which are generated when nurses scan patients’ identifying barcodes immediately before medication administration.…”