“…While many VMHvl neurons fire in a manner time locked with attacking (Lin et al, 2011), overall VMHvl ensemble activity is heterogeneous, encoding intruder sex as well as information about past, present, and future aggression (Falkner et al, 2016;Lin et al, 2011). In addition, these representations are profoundly shaped by social experience (Remedios et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2017). Thus, rather than being a simple command node for instinctive aggression, the VMHvl contains complex and highly malleable representations more commonly associated with cortical or hippocampal circuits.…”