ARBORICULTURA Y SILVOPASTORALISMO EN EL PERÍODO FORMATIVO (1.400 a.C.-500 d.C.) DE LA CUENCA DEL SALAR DE ATACAMA

B, Virginia McRostie

doi:10.4067/s0717-73562014000400002

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Certainly, cultivation systems that prospered over much of northern Chile since 2400 cal yrs BP, attest to an unprecedented land-use change over vast desert areas covered by hyper-saline and organic-poor soils. Crop production in nutrient-deficient substrates was achieved by mesquite tree agroforestry (Figure 2c) along furrowed cultivation fields either to fertilize via nitrogen-fixation, facilitate soil moisture or prevent salinity, erosion and evaporation (Beresford-Jones et al, 2009;McRostie, 2014). A welldocumented case for human management of alien tree species shows that agroforestry practices were accompanied by the intended introduction of Prosopis-Algarrobia species at least by 2000 cal yrs BP (Figure 2c) from the eastern subtropical South America (McRostie et al, 2017).…”

Section: Northern Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

Geohistorical records of the Anthropocene in Chile

Gayó

McRostie

Campbell

et al. 2019

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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The deep-time dynamics of coupled socio-ecological systems at different spatial scales is viewed as a key framework to understand trends and mechanisms that have led to the Anthropocene. By integrating archeological and paleoenvironmental records, we test the hypothesis that Chilean societies progressively escalated their capacity to shape national biophysical systems as socio-cultural complexity and pressures on natural resources increased over the last three millennia. We demonstrate that Pre-Columbian societies intentionally transformed Chile’s northern and central regions by continuously adjusting socio-cultural practices and/or incorporating technologies that guaranteed resource access and social wealth. The fact that past human activities led to cumulative impacts on diverse biophysical processes, not only contradicts the notion of pristine pre-Industrial Revolution landscapes, but suggests that the Anthropocene derives from long-term processes that have operated uninterruptedly since Pre-Columbian times. Moreover, our synthesis suggests that most of present-day symptoms that describe the Anthropocene are rooted in pre-Columbian processes that scaled up in intensity over the last 3000 years, accelerating after the Spanish colonization and, more intensely, in recent decades. The most striking trend is the observed coevolution between the intensity of metallurgy and heavy-metal anthropogenic emissions. This entails that the Anthropocene cannot be viewed as a universal imprint of human actions that has arisen as an exclusive consequence of modern industrial societies. In the Chilean case, this phenomenon is intrinsically tied to historically and geographically diverse configurations in society-environment feedback relationships. Taken collectively with other case studies, the patterns revealed here could contribute to the discussion about how the Anthropocene is defined globally, in terms of chronology, stratigraphic markers and attributes. Furthermore, this deep-time narrative can potentially become a science-based instrument to shape better-informed discourses about the socio-environmental history in Chile. More importantly, however, this research provides crucial “baselines” to delineate safe operating spaces for future socio-ecological systems.

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Section: Northern Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

Geohistorical records of the Anthropocene in Chile

Gayó

McRostie

Campbell

et al. 2019

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…This agrees with analyses using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human bones from Caleta Vitor and other coastal areas which have revealed a longterm pattern of food consumption based primarily on marine resources compared with terrestrial inputs (see also Olguín, 2014;Olguín et al, 2014;Pestle et al, 2015;Salazar et al, 2015 for the arheic coast of northern Chile), despite local environmental fluctuations and socio-cultural changes among inland groups that evolved into Formative (Neolithic) societies, with farming and pastoralism as key socio-economic factors (see Table 1 for regional cultural phases; Núñez and Santoro, 2011;McRostie, 2014;Muñoz et al, 2016;Núñez et al, 2017). A recent study also found that terrestrial animal resources were incorporated into other economic processes of production and consumption in different periods (Valenzuela et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loco or no Loco? Holocene Climatic Fluctuations, Human Demography, and Community Based Management of Coastal Resources in Northern Chile

et al. 2017

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“…Anadenanthera sp.) identificado en el templete (Kalazich 2006;McRostie 2014;Núñez, McRostie et al 2009). …”

Section: La Manufactura Cerámicaunclassified

“…Entre los macrorrestos mayormente representados se encuentran Opuntia sp., Scirpus sp., Atriplex sp., brea (Thessaria absinthioides), rica rica (Catholippia riojana), Cortadera atacamensis y en menor medida algunos restos de Prosopis sp. y Geoffroea decorticans y una gramínea (Deyeuxia desertica) útil para la confección de cordelería y cestería verificada en las ofrendas de infantes (McRostie 2014;Núñez, McRostie et al 2009;Rodríguez 2005). Frutos, semillas, tubérculos y raíces habrían requerido de prácticas de molienda, de modo que la alta frecuencia de manos y metates es coherente con esta alimentación silvestre y subsidiaria.…”

Section: Restos Arqueobotánicosunclassified

Presencia De Un Centro Ceremonial Formativo en La Circumpuna De Atacama

et al. 2017

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… había una ceremonia de clausura, luego de que una delgada capa de relleno de montículo o arena fuera dispuesta sobre el piso, se procedía a sellar esta superficie, quemando madera y paja (Hastorf 2008a:9).En el presente trabajo se discuten las evidencias del sitio Tulán-54 con especial énfasis en el templete central. Este sitio es parte de un sistema de tres grandes asentamientos formativos tempranos sincrónicos (3450 a 2370 años cal. a.p.), dispuestos en el transecto Tulán, en un tramo de 15 km en el SE de la cuenca del salar de Atacama. Cada uno presenta funciones diferenciadas asociadas a la caza, pastoreo, recolecta y horticultura subsidiaria. En este contexto, el sitio Tulán-54 se perfila como el eje religioso con un marcado componente local orientado a los grupos que ocuparon la quebrada dentro de un contexto de redes macrorregionales. El templete no solo se caracteriza por su arquitectura monumental y los entierros de infantes, sino también por sus ofrendas, la incorporación de arte rupestre y por la reiteración de eventos rituales en su interior, cuyos restos lograron colmatar el templete en un lapso de ca. 200 años. La reiteración de eventos ceremoniales habría estado orientada a la cohesión social de grupos con una amplia movilidad que ocuparon recurrentemente los asentamientos de la quebrada Tulán, donde el comienzo de la desigualdad y las distintas formas productivas habrían sido conducidas por medio de la hegemonía ritual del liderazgo local.Palabras claves: circumpuna, Fase Tilocalar, Formativo Temprano, templete, pastoralismo. Archaeological evidence of the Tulán-54 site is discussed with a special emphasis on the central temple. Situated in the

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ARBORICULTURA Y SILVOPASTORALISMO EN EL PERÍODO FORMATIVO (1.400 a.C.-500 d.C.) DE LA CUENCA DEL SALAR DE ATACAMA

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Geohistorical records of the Anthropocene in Chile

Geohistorical records of the Anthropocene in Chile

Loco or no Loco? Holocene Climatic Fluctuations, Human Demography, and Community Based Management of Coastal Resources in Northern Chile

Presencia De Un Centro Ceremonial Formativo en La Circumpuna De Atacama

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