Arbovirus Identification by an Agar-Gel Diffusion Technique

Calisher, C. H.; Maness, Kathryn S. C.

doi:10.1128/aem.19.4.557-564.1970

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Bunyaviridae are a newly defined family of lipid-enveloped RNA viruses that appear to possess segmented RNA genomes (17). By serological analyses, about 90 bunyaviruses have been divided into 11 groups with some, but not all, members of each group being serologically related to one or more members of another group (1,4,8,9,17,26,27). These 11 groups constitute the Bunyamwera supergroup of viruses of different groups are not known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three unique viral RNA species of snowshoe hare and La Crosse bunyaviruses

Clewley¹,

Gentsch²,

Bishop³

1977

J Virol

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three unique viral RNA species of snowshoe hare and La Crosse bunyaviruses

Clewley¹,

Gentsch²,

Bishop³

1977

J Virol

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“…Of 92 cases diagnosed as California (LAC) virus infections and for which all three test results were available, we diagnosed 4 (4.3%) by HI alone, 8 (8.7%) by CF alone, 8 (8.7%) by N alone, 2 (2.2%) by HI and CF, 34 (37.0%) by HI and N, 3 (3.3%) by CF and N, and 33 (35.9%) by all three techniques. Figure 1 shows the geometric mean titers, by time after reported disease onset, for 284 sera collected from the 128 individuals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infections with LAC subtype may be diagnosed serologically by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) (6), complement fixation (CF) (4), neutralization (N) (12), agar gel precipitation (3), fluorescent antibody (C. L. Frazier, personal communication), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (B. Beaty, personal communication), or electrophoresis (15). The first three techniques, however, represent the primary methods by which nearly all infections caused by LAC and other California serogroup viruses are diagnosed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serodiagnosis of La Crosse virus infections in humans

Calisher¹,

Bailey²

1981

J Clin Microbiol

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Serological diagnoses of human infections with California serogroup viruses are usually made by means of complement fixation or hemagglutination inhibition tests or both. An analysis of antibody titers in sera from 128 humans with California (La Crosse) virus infections indicated that exclusive use of the complement fixation tests would have detected only 50% of the actual seroconversions, whereas hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests alone would have been sufficient to make the diagnosis in 79.3% and 84.8% of the cases, respectively. These and other results presented demonstrate that the complement fixation test is not sufficiently useful as a primary tool for diagnosis of La Crosse virus infections. We suggest the use of the hemagglutination inhibition test for preliminary screening of sera from individuals with suspect infections caused by California serogroup viruses. The neutralization test should then be used or confirmation and subtype identification. If hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization titers are high and stable, the complement fixation test should then be used as a last, but specific, resort.

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“…Double agar gel ID studies of the CAL group arboviruses first were reported by Murphy and Coleman in 1967 (11). ID techniques have been employed by several investigators to type CAL virus isolates and to detect precipitin antibodies in woodland animals (3,13,14). However, the ID system has not been used extensively for the identification of human CAL infections (3,10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ID techniques have been employed by several investigators to type CAL virus isolates and to detect precipitin antibodies in woodland animals (3,13,14). However, the ID system has not been used extensively for the identification of human CAL infections (3,10,11). The CEP system, which recently has been utilized in the diagnosis of hepatitis B (12), influenza (2), and certain bacterial (4) and fungal (5) infections, has not been applied to arboviruses to our knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

California Arbovirus (La Crosse) Infections II. Precipitin Antibody Tests for the Diagnosis of California Encephalitis

1973

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Precipitin antibodies to California group arboviruses were studied by double agar gel immunodiffusion (ID) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP). Forty children with California encephalitis (CE), 12 patients with other forms of meningoencephalitis, and 120 residents of endemic CE areas were tested. Precipitin antibodies were detected only in the 40 patients with CE, whereas hemagglutination-inhibiting, neutralizing, and complement-fixing antibodies were also found in persons without a history of CE. Precipitin antibodies did not persist for more than a year, in contrast to the other three antibodies which may be detected for 2 or more years. Of the children with CE, 36% had precipitin antibodies in their acute sera by CEP and 44% by ID. Precipitin responses were subtype-specific, and the patients reacted most strongly with La Crosse virus. The results indicated that precipitin techniques would be useful for the early detection of CE in some patients and that the presence of precipitin antibodies in a patient with acute central nervous system infection is strongly suggestive of CE. In addition, precipitin tests can be used to distinguish the California subtype responsible for CE in a given area.

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Arbovirus Identification by an Agar-Gel Diffusion Technique

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Three unique viral RNA species of snowshoe hare and La Crosse bunyaviruses

Three unique viral RNA species of snowshoe hare and La Crosse bunyaviruses

Serodiagnosis of La Crosse virus infections in humans

California Arbovirus (La Crosse) Infections II. Precipitin Antibody Tests for the Diagnosis of California Encephalitis

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