Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi, NPK (15-15-15) and Cow Dung Interaction in Sustainable Cassava Production and Food Security

Abstract

Increasing human population coupled with the depletion and degradation of soil resources constitutes a threat to food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Sequel to this, the growth, performance and yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) were assessed using pure culture of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus-Glomus deserticola, NPK (15:15:15) and Cow dung singly and in combination with each other at four treatment levels under field conditions. Control experiment was also set up without any treatment. The experiment was factorial, in completely randomized block design and replicated four times. Cassava stem cuttings, 18 cm length were planted in well tilled soil at a distance of 1 m apart and allowed to grow for six months. During the study; plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content and yield were assessed. At harvest, fresh and dry tuber weights were measured. Data collected were subjected to one way analysis of variance and means separated using Tukey's HSD test (p≤0.05). The study showed that Glomus deserticola in combination with NPK produced cassava plants with significant differences (p<0.05) in height, stem girth, leaf area, chlorophyll content and yield. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus enhanced nutrient uptake of cassava plants. The balanced fertilization and amendment of the experimental soil with adequate nutrients supply provided useful agronomic information on the performance and yield of cassava. Summary: Although some sub-Saharan African countries have for a number of year's experienced significant agricultural success, demographic growth associated with high rates of erosion and land degradation continue to have an impact on food security in this part of the world. In this study, the growth and production of cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) was assessed by the contribution of pure culture of a mycorrhizal to arbuscules (Glomus deserticola), mineral fertilizers (NPK 15-15-15), cow manure and their combinations. The test was carried out on plots of 1 m × 1 m. On each plot, a cut of nearly 18 cm length was buried in the previously plowed soil. The experimental method consisted of a complete random block with a factorial plan of four repetitions. An equivalent number of control plots have not been processed. Vegetative growth parameters, including height of the plant, circumference of the stem and leaf surface were followed for six months, then the chlorophyll content of the leaves and yield were determined. These data were subjected to a simple variance analysis and a Tukey HSD test was performed to determine the significant differences between averages (p≤0.05). The use of Glomus deserticola in combination with NPK 15-15-15 mineral fertilizers has resulted in significant vegetative growth and yield significantly higher than other treatments. This suggests that this fungus improves the absorption of nutrients in cassava.