Arbuscular mycorrhizal community composition associated with two plant species in a grassland ecosystem

Vandenkoornhuyse, Philippe; Husband, R.; Daniell, Tim J.; Watson, Irene J.; Duck, J. M.; Fitter, A. H.; Young, J. Peter W.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01538.x

Cited by 405 publications

(373 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A proposed explanation for the stability of the AM fungi-plant mutualistic association over 450 million years is a trade exchange of resources between partners enforced by embargo by one or both members of the symbiosis (19). Our results do not allow us to reject this hypothesis of sanction, but they also substantiate the hypothesis 0.1 of host-plant preference and competition among AM fungal colonizers (5,6,20). The A. stolonifera root-colonizing bacteria were analyzed from RNA in fraction 7 (unlabeled) and fraction 18 (heavily labeled) of experiment B.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…Recent studies show that high diversity is the norm even where plant diversity is low (4)(5)(6). These AM fungi are biotrophs, unable to grow in the absence of a living plant, and often display a broad host range although there is growing evidence for differences in host preference (5)(6)(7)(8). They have been demonstrated to improve plant mineral nutrition (3) and stress resistance (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Active root-inhabiting microbes identified by rapid incorporation of plant-derived carbon into RNA

Vandenkoornhuyse

Mahé

Ineson

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

205

149

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Plant roots harbor a large diversity of microorganisms that have an essential role in ecosystem functioning. To better understand the level of intimacy of root-inhabiting microbes such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria, we provided 13 CO2 to plants at atmospheric concentration during a 5-h pulse. We expected microbes dependent on a carbon flux from their host plant to become rapidly labeled. We showed that a wide variety of microbes occurred in roots, mostly previously unknown. Strikingly, the greatest part of this unsuspected diversity corresponded to active primary consumers. We found 17 bacterial phylotypes co-occurring within roots of a single plant, including five potentially new phylotypes. Fourteen phylotypes were heavily labeled with the 13 C. Eight were phylogenetically close to Burkholderiales, which encompass known symbionts; the others were potentially new bacterial root symbionts. By analyzing unlabeled and 13 C-enriched RNAs, we demonstrated differential activity in C consumption among these root-inhabiting microbes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal RNAs were heavily labeled, confirming the high carbon flux from the plant to the fungal compartment, but some of the fungi present appeared to be much more active than others. The results presented here reveal the possibility of uncharacterized root symbioses.ribosomal RNA ͉ stable isotope probing ͉ symbiosis ͉ arbuscular mycorrhiza ͉ endophytes P lants are the dominant primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems. In the soil, they are escorted by a myriad of microorganisms living freely or in intimate interaction with their roots (1, 2). These microorganisms can be pathogenic, parasitic, saprotrophic, or mutualistic. Among the root symbionts, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well known and have been observed colonizing the roots of most plant species in many ecosystems (3). Recent studies show that high diversity is the norm even where plant diversity is low (4-6). These AM fungi are biotrophs, unable to grow in the absence of a living plant, and often display a broad host range although there is growing evidence for differences in host preference (5-8). They have been demonstrated to improve plant mineral nutrition (3) and stress resistance (3). AM fungi are important for the global carbon cycle because up to 20% of photoassimilates can be translocated to them (9). We also know that the diversity of AM fungi can determine plant community structure and ecosystem productivity (10). The plant-bacteria symbioses are variably documented. The best studied symbiosis is the rhizobiumlegume interaction, but a single plant root can harbor a large variety of fungi (1) and bacteria (2), as well as several different archaea (2). So far we have no information about the functions of most of these root-living microbes. The strategy chosen herein, stable isotope probing (SIP)-RNA analysis, enabled us to highlight an unsuspected diversity of microbes living in roots. We identified microbes that are active and direct utilizers of photosynthetic carbon ...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active root-inhabiting microbes identified by rapid incorporation of plant-derived carbon into RNA

Vandenkoornhuyse

Mahé

Ineson

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

205

149

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“…These 31 AMF phylotypes, from the soils and roots, would account for around 14% of the known species, given the fact that more than 230 AMF taxa have been described so far (Krüger et al, 2012). The number of detected sequence groups revealed in this study was similar to the study of Vandenkoornhuyse et al (2002b), who found 24 sequence groups with an intensive sampling of two host plant species in a semi-natural grassland in Scotland. However, fewer AMF phylotypes were detected in similar grassland ecosystems using the same molecular approaches.…”

Section: Amf Diversity In the Temperate Steppesupporting

confidence: 80%

Six-year fertilization modifies the biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2014

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

120

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a b s t r a c tArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play key roles in supporting ecosystem sustainability, stability and function, but little is known about how fertilization practices affect AMF abundance and community composition in the grassland ecosystems. In the present study, a field trial was established to examine the effects of 6 years of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization on the community structure of AMF both in soils and plant roots in a typical temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia, northern China. The AMF small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes were subjected to PCR, cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. A total of 1554 sequenced SSU rRNA clones, including 919 clones from the soil and 635 clones from the roots, were analyzed. The 31 AMF sequence types belonging to Glomeromycota were identified: 17 to Glomus group A and 14 to Glomus group B. The experimental results indicated that N fertilization significantly altered the AMF communities in both soils and mixed roots but had no obvious influence on AMF abundance. However, P fertilization showed no significant influence on the AMF community structure, but induced a significant decrease in mycorrhizal colonization rate, arbuscule colonization and hyphal length density. Furthermore, N and P application showed significant interactions in affecting AMF species compositions in soils but not in roots. Generally the AMF diversity in the soil was higher than that in the roots. The study suggested that N fertilization predominantly altered AMF species composition, while P fertilization influenced AMF abundance in this steppe.

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“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal plant-fungal symbioses form highly specialized 'nutrient-exchange' structures (vesicles and arbuscules) at the plant-fungus interface and are recognized as being a particularly beneficial group of root endophytes. Plants associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are typically more competitive and better able to tolerate environmental stresses than are non-mycorrhizal or poorly colonized plants (Biermann and Linderman 1983, Daniell et al 2001, Bianciotto and Bonfante 2002, Vandenkoornhuyse et al 2002, Bonfante 2003, Brundrett 2004, DeBellis and Widden 2006, Greipsson and DiTommaso 2006, Parniske 2008, Shah et al 2010. AMF are also known to provide protection from a variety of microbial pathogens to their host plants (Newsham et al 1994, Borowicz 2001, Klironomos 2002, Pozo and Azćon-Aguilar 2007, Van der Putten et al 2007, Appoloni et al 2008, Mogg et al 2008, Krüger et al 2009, Wehner et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario

Bongard¹,

Butler²,

Fulthorpe³

2013

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Fungal communities forming associations with plant roots have generally been described as ranging from symbiotic to parasitic. Disruptions to these associations consequently can have significant impacts on native plant communities. We examined how invasion by Vincetoxicum rossicum, a plant native to Europe, can alter both the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as the general fungal communities associating with native plant roots in both field and woodland sites in Southern Ontario. In two different sites in the Greater Toronto Area, we took advantage of invasion by V. rossicum and neighbouring uninvaded sites to investigate the fungal communities associating with local plant roots, including goldenrod (Solidago spp.), wild red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), Canada anemone (Anemone canadensis), meadow rue (Thalictrum dioicum), and wild ginger (Asarum canadense). Fungi colonizing roots were characterized with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of amplified total fungal (TF) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) ribosomal fragments. We saw a significant effect of the presence of this invader on the diversity of TF phylotypes colonizing native plant roots, and a composition shift of both the TF and AMF community in native roots in both sites. In native communities invaded by V. rossicum, a significant increase in richness and colonization density of TF suggests that invaders such as V. rossicum may be able to influence the composition of soil fungi available to natives, possibly via mechanisms such as increased carbon provision or antibiosis attributable to unique root exudates. ReSeARCh ARtICle Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journalCindy L. Bongard et al. / Nature Conservation 4: 55-75 (2013) 56

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal community composition associated with two plant species in a grassland ecosystem

Cited by 405 publications

References 44 publications

Active root-inhabiting microbes identified by rapid incorporation of plant-derived carbon into RNA

Active root-inhabiting microbes identified by rapid incorporation of plant-derived carbon into RNA

Six-year fertilization modifies the biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia

Investigation of fungal root colonizers of the invasive plant Vincetoxicum rossicum and co-occurring local native plants in a field and woodland area in Southern Ontario

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