Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Reduce Development of Pea Root-rot caused by Aphanomyces euteiches using Oospores as Pathogen Inoculum

Thygesen, Kristina; Larsen, John; Bødker, Lars

doi:10.1023/b:ejpp.0000021070.61574.8b

Cited by 69 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…1 Pythium root infection levels in terms of percent recovery on selective media (a) and ELISA (b) from non-mycorrhizal plants and plants inoculated with the AM fungi Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae and G. claroideium, 7 (black columns) and 14 (grey columns) days after infestation of tomato seedlings with Pythium aphanidermatum. Bars labelled with different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) and error bars represent standard error of the means has also been reported between G. intraradices and the root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches (Thygesen et al 2004). Similarly, mutual inhibition between G. mosseae and A. euteiches was reported by Larsen and Bødker (2001), who suggested photosynthate competition as the principal mode of interaction as revealed by a mutual decrease in level of energy reserves in terms of biomarker fatty acids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Multiple modes of interaction between AM fungi and root pathogens have been reported, including competition for plant photosynthates (Larsen and Bødker 2001), antagonism from mycorrhiza-associated bacteria (Li et al 2007;Lioussanne 2010) and induced tolerance (Thygesen et al 2004). Whipps (2004) examined the potential for AM fungi to act as biocontrol agents of root pathogens and found that only few AM fungi have been screened for biocontrol traits and concluded that the biocontrol potential of AM fungi against root pathogens should be further explored by employing targeted screening strategies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biocontrol traits of plant growth suppressive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against root rot in tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum

et al. 2011

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi known to cause plant growth depressions in tomato were examined for their biocontrol effects against root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. The main hypothesis was that plant growth suppressive AM fungi would elicit a defence response in the host plant reducing Pythium root rot development. To test this hypothesis a fully factorial experiment was performed with AM fungi (Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae, G. claroideum or nonmycorrhizal), Pythium (± P. aphanidermatum) and harvest (7 and 14 days after pathogen inoculation (dapi)) as the main factors. Two weeks after AM fungi inoculation, roots were challenged with P. aphanidermatum. Variables evaluated at each harvest were root colonization levels of the interacting fungi, plant growth responses, and expression of a plant pathogenesis related protein gene (PR-1). All of the tested AM fungi caused marked growth suppressions, but did not affect PR-1 gene expression or the phosphorous concentration in the host plant. Plants singly inoculated with P. aphanidermatum had an increased PR-1 expression and phosphorous concentration. Among the AM fungi included in the study only G. intraradices reduced the pathogen root infection level, measured both in terms of Pythium ELISA and by recovery on selective media and only at the first harvest. Likewise, P. aphanidermatum root infection reduced colonization levels of G. intraradices, but not that of the two other AM fungi. In conclusion, plant growth suppressive AM fungi may offer plant beneficial traits in terms of biocontrol of root cortical pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Biocontrol traits of plant growth suppressive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against root rot in tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum

et al. 2011

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“…Similarly, there is good evidence for beneficial effects of AMF in soils with different abiotic stresses, such as Al, Mn and heavy metal toxicity (Yano and Takaki, 2005;Nogueira et al, 2007;Hall, 2002). The diversity of AMF may influence the outcomes of these interactions for both biotic (Thygesen et al, 2004;Lax et al, 2011), and abiotic stresses (Kothari et al, 1991;Oliveira et al, 2006). However, the majority of investigations fail to consider the richness of indigenous AM fungal communities (Whipps, 2004;Wehner et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for bioprotection: Mn toxicity

Brito

Carvalho

Alho

et al. 2014

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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a b s t r a c tWe investigated whether an intact extraradical mycelium (ERM) is more effective than other forms of propagule from indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in providing protection against stress to a host plant. The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Mn toxicity was studied in a two-phase greenhouse experiment. In Phase 1, four Mn tolerant species from the natural vegetation, ranging from strongly mycotrophic to non-or weakly mycotrophic, were grown to develop different amounts of ERM. Wheat was then planted (Phase 2) with the ERM fragmented by sieving (Disturbed Treatment) or kept intact with no prior soil disturbance (Undisturbed Treatment). The growth of wheat was doubled by earlier and faster mycorrhizal colonization (AC) in the presence of an intact ERM at planting. There was a positive correlation between plant growth and the reduction of Mn and enhancement of P and S uptake into shoots. However, the growth of plants in undisturbed soil was significantly affected by the ERM developer species, which was not explained by differences in AC. Colonization starting from an intact ERM greatly enhanced the potential of AMF for protection against Mn toxicity. However, the degree of protection depended on the plant previously grown to develop the ERM, suggesting that there may be functional diversity within the ERM developed by mycotrophic plants of the natural vegetation.

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“…The extra-radical hyphae increase the volume of soil that can be exploited for nutrients and make a fundamental bridge between plants and soil. While improved nutrient acquisition is considered to be the primary benefit of the AM symbiosis, other benefits such as protection against root pathogens (Thygesen et al 2004), improved soil structure Barea 1994, Kabir andKoide 2002), increased vegetation in polluted soil (Vivas et al 2003) and enhanced water use efficiency (Caravaca et al 2004) can also be gained from the presence of AM fungi.…”

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Tillage or no-tillage: Impact on mycorrhizae

Kabir¹

2005

Can. J. Plant Sci.

256

158

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Kabir, Z. 2005. Tillage or no-tillage: Impact on mycorrhizae. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 23-29. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are ubiquitous in agricultural soils. These fungi play important roles in plant nutrition and soil conservation. The persistence of AM fungi in ecosystems depends on the formation and survival of propagules (e.g., spore, hyphae and colonized roots). While spores are considered to be resistant structure that may be view as "long-term" propagules when viable host plants are not present, hyphae are considered to be the main source of inocula when host plants are present and the soil is not disturbed. Tillage is an integral part of modern agriculture that can modify the physical, chemical and biological properties of a soil. Consequently, tillage practices may also affect AM fungi. The various tillage practices used in the management of soil for maximum crop production may negatively impact the survival of AM fungal propagules. In tilled soil, certain AM species may survive while others may disappear. Because AM fungi are more abundant in the topsoil, deep plowing may dilute their propagules in a greater volume of soil, thereby reducing the level of infection of a plant root. Tillage is particularly detrimental to AM hyphae if the soil is tilled in the fall and the hyphae are detached from the host plant. Under no-till (NT), AM fungi survive better, particularly when they are close to the host crop on which they developed. There is speculation that in NT systems, plants may follow old root channels and potentially encounter more AM fungal propagules than plants growing in soil that has been tilled. Management of AM fungi in NT soil is essential to maximizing benefits to crops. This review reports how tillage practices affect AM fungi species richness, survivability and infectivity, and how conservation tillage can increase AM fungi survival, consequently improving plant phosphorus uptake and soil aggregate stability.Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, conservation tillage, conventional tillage, P uptake, soil aggregate stability, cover crops, crop yield Kabir, Z. 2005. Travail ou non-travail du sol : incidence sur les mycorhizes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 85: 23-29. Les mycorhizes à arbuscules (MA) sont des champignons omniprésents dans les sols agricoles. Ces champignons jouent un rôle important pour la nutrition des plantes et la conservation du sol. Leur persistance dans l'écosystème dépend de la formation et de la survie des propagules (les spores, les hyphes et les racines colonisées). Bien que les spores soient considérées comme des propagules « à long terme » à cause de leur résistance en l'absence de plantes hôtes, les hyphes demeurent la principale source d'inoculum quand il y a des plantes hôtes et que le sol n'est pas perturbé. Les labours font partie intégrante des pratiques agricoles modernes et peuvent modifier les propriétés physiques, chimiques et biologiques du sol. De telles pratiques affectent donc aussi les MA. Diverses pratiques employées pour parvenir à la production maxi...

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Reduce Development of Pea Root-rot caused by Aphanomyces euteiches using Oospores as Pathogen Inoculum

Cited by 69 publications

References 22 publications

Biocontrol traits of plant growth suppressive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against root rot in tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum

Biocontrol traits of plant growth suppressive arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against root rot in tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum

Managing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for bioprotection: Mn toxicity

Tillage or no-tillage: Impact on mycorrhizae

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