Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Affects Plant Immunity to Viral Infection and Accumulation

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, as root symbionts of most terrestrial plants, improve plant growth and fitness. In addition to the improved plant nutritional status, the physiological changes that trigger metabolic changes in the root via AM fungi can also increase the host ability to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant viruses are one of the important limiting factors for the commercial cultivation of various crops. The effect of AM fungi on viral infection is variable, and considerable attention is focused on shoot virus infection. This review provides an overview of the potential of AM fungi as bioprotection agents against viral diseases and emphasizes the complex nature of plant–fungus–virus interactions. Several mechanisms, including modulated plant tolerance, manipulation of induced systemic resistance (ISR), and altered vector pressure are involved in such interactions. We propose that using “omics” tools will provide detailed insights into the complex mechanisms underlying mycorrhizal-mediated plant immunity.

Proteomic Insight into the Symbiotic Relationship of Pinus massoniana Lamb and Suillus luteus towards Developing Al-Stress Resistance

“…Their dependency on symbiosis, hosting a wide range of ectomycorrhizal fungal species [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], is advantageous for their optimal growth and development under various natural environmental conditions [ 10 ]. The symbiotic effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi is well known for improving the growth of the host plants [ 9 ] with enhanced tolerance towards environmental stresses [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Studies have shown that Pinus species inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi display improved photosynthesis, water uptake, nutrient utilization, and immune system [ 11 , 12 ].…”

“…The symbiotic effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi is well known for improving the growth of the host plants [ 9 ] with enhanced tolerance towards environmental stresses [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Studies have shown that Pinus species inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi display improved photosynthesis, water uptake, nutrient utilization, and immune system [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Assessment of Local and Systemic Changes in Plant Gene Expression and Aphid Responses during Potato Interactions with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Potato Aphids

“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are mostly known for aiding plants with the uptake of soil nutrients, such as phosphorus [1,2], and for helping plants better cope with abiotic [2][3][4][5] and biotic [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11] stress. Another aspect of this ubiquitous symbiosis that is intriguing involves the impact of AM fungi on plant immunity, especially against aboveground and belowground insect herbivores [12][13][14].…”

Effectiveness of organic culture media combination on propagation of Gigaspora sp. indigenous to Sorowako, Indonesia

“…Inoculum multiplication must have high infectivity and effectiveness, fast colonization of host roots, and produce a lot of spores (Ijdo et al, 2011). AM does not select a specific host plant, all plants are potentially infected, but the level of infectivity and effectiveness is different for each host association and AM, although AM infects and colonizes the roots of various plant species, there are plant species that the preferred by showing plant root colonization response which maximum (Ohtomo et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2018;Hao et al, 2019). AM Gigaspora sp.…”