Archaea in Symbioses

Wrede, Christoph; Dreier, Anne; Kokoschka, Sebastian; Hoppert, Michael

doi:10.1155/2012/596846

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…It has been suggested that the occurrence of methanogens is possible in anaerobic niches of gut habitats, where methanogens can be hosted as commensals participating in nutrient decomposition (Wrede et al. ), as is the case for Methanobrevibacter smithii which dominates the archaeal assemblage of the human gut (Eckburg et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary differences are reflected on the gut prokaryotic community structure of wild and commercially reared sea bream (Sparus aurata)

et al. 2014

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We compared the gut prokaryotic communities in wild, organically-, and conventionally reared sea bream (Sparus aurata) individuals. Gut microbial communities were identified using tag pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. There were distinct prokaryotic communities in the three different fish nutritional treatments, with the bacteria dominating over the Archaea. Most of the Bacteria belonged to the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The number of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was reduced from the wild to the conventionally reared fish, implying a response of the gut microorganisms to the supplied food and possibly alterations in food assimilation. The dominant bacterial OTU in all examined fish was closely related to the genus Diaphorobacter. This is the first time that a member of the β-Proteobacteria, which dominate in freshwaters, are so important in a marine fish gut. In total the majority of the few Archaea OTUs found, were related to methane metabolism. The inferred physiological roles of the dominant prokaryotes are related to the metabolism of carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds. This study showed the responsive feature of the sea bream gut prokaryotic communities to their diets and also the differences of the conventional in comparison to the organic and wild sea bream gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary differences are reflected on the gut prokaryotic community structure of wild and commercially reared sea bream (Sparus aurata)

et al. 2014

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“…The types of interactions between microbes can be complex and range from competitive to cooperative, syntrophic, even reaching obligate codependence (Hibbing et al, 2010;Moissl-Eichinger and Huber, 2011;Wrede et al, 2012;Morris et al, 2013). Holistic studies of such interspecies relationships are limited by difficulties in identifying and stably maintaining symbiotic microbial systems in the laboratory (Orphan, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life on the edge: functional genomic response of Ignicoccus hospitalis to the presence of Nanoarchaeum equitans

et al. 2014

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The marine hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis supports the propagation on its surface of Nanoarchaeum equitans, an evolutionarily enigmatic archaeon that resembles highly derived parasitic and symbiotic bacteria. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable this interarchaea relationship and the intimate physiologic consequences to I. hospitalis are unknown. Here, we used concerted proteomic and transcriptomic analyses to probe into the functional genomic response of I. hospitalis as N. equitans multiplies on its surface. The expression of over 97% of the genes was detected at mRNA level and over 80% of the predicted proteins were identified and their relative abundance measured by proteomics. These indicate that little, if any, of the host genomic information is silenced during growth in the laboratory. The primary response to N. equitans was at the membrane level, with increases in relative abundance of most protein complexes involved in energy generation as well as that of several transporters and proteins involved in cellular membrane stabilization. Similar upregulation was observed for genes and proteins involved in key metabolic steps controlling nitrogen and carbon metabolism, although the overall biosynthetic pathways were marginally impacted. Proliferation of N. equitans resulted, however, in selective downregulation of genes coding for transcription factors and replication and cell cycle control proteins as I. hospitalis shifted its physiology from its own cellular growth to that of its ectosymbiont/parasite. The combination of these multiomic approaches provided an unprecedented level of detail regarding the dynamics of this interspecies interaction, which is especially pertinent as these organisms are not genetically tractable.

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“…Two important projects—the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) [3] and the European Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract (MetaHIT) Project [4]—have analyzed human-associated microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome ). The human microbiota, which has coevolved with the host, comprises mainly bacteria but also harbors other microbes, including fungi [5,6], viruses [7,8], archaea [9], and protozoa. Although the majority of commensals reside in the gastrointestinal tract, distinct microbial communities occupy other parts of the body, including the oral cavity [10,11], respiratory tract [12], and urogenital tract [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident commensals shaping immunity

Ertürk-Hasdemir

Kasper

2013

Current Opinion in Immunology

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All animals coexist with myriad commensal microorganisms in a symbiotic relationship that plays a key role in health and disease. Continuous commensal–host interactions profoundly affect the development and regulation of the host’s immune system. The complex interaction of the commensal microbiota with the immune system is a topic of substantial interest. An understanding of these interactions and the mechanisms through which commensal microbes actively shape host immunity may yield new insights into the pathogenesis of many immune-mediated diseases and lead to new prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. This review examines recent advances in this field and their potential implications not just for the colonized tissues but also for the entire immune system.

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Archaea in Symbioses

Cited by 48 publications

References 136 publications

Dietary differences are reflected on the gut prokaryotic community structure of wild and commercially reared sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Dietary differences are reflected on the gut prokaryotic community structure of wild and commercially reared sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Life on the edge: functional genomic response of Ignicoccus hospitalis to the presence of Nanoarchaeum equitans

Resident commensals shaping immunity

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