Archaeal communities in two disparate deteriorated ancient wall paintings: detection, identification and temporal monitoring by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

Piñar, Güadalupe; Sáiz‐Jiménez, Cesáreo; Schabereiter-Gurtner, Claudia; Blanco-Varela, María Teresa; Lubitz, Werner; Rölleke, Sabine

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00852.x

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The closest match to clone byn3-12 (Fig. 2e) was Halobacterium clone K14 (AM159641) isolated from the mural paintings on the deteriorated ancient wall surface [28], whereas the closest match to clone byn5-30 (Fig. 2e) was Uncultured archaeon clone 371 (EF188566) isolated from the “white colonizations” on the paleolithic paintings, Altamira Cave, Spain [29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Analysis of Fresh and Old Microbial Biofilms on Bayon Temple Sandstone of Angkor Thom, Cambodia

Lan

Wang

et al. 2010

Microb Ecol

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The temples of Angkor monuments including Angkor Thom and Bayon in Cambodia and surrounding countries were exclusively constructed using sandstone. They are severely threatened by biodeterioration caused by active growth of different microorganisms on the sandstone surfaces, but knowledge on the microbial community and composition of the biofilms on the sandstone is not available from this region. This study investigated the microbial community diversity by examining the fresh and old biofilms of the biodeteriorated bas-relief wall surfaces of the Bayon Temple by analysis of 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequences. The results showed that the retrieved sequences were clustered in 11 bacterial, 11 eukaryotic and two archaeal divisions with disparate communities (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria; Alveolata, Fungi, Metazoa, Viridiplantae; Crenarchaeote, and Euyarchaeota). A comparison of the microbial communities between the fresh and old biofilms revealed that the bacterial community of old biofilm was very similar to the newly formed fresh biofilm in terms of bacterial composition, but the eukaryotic communities were distinctly different between these two. This information has important implications for understanding the formation process and development of the microbial diversity on the sandstone surfaces, and furthermore to the relationship between the extent of biodeterioration and succession of microbial communities on sandstone in tropic region.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00248-010-9707-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Community Analysis of Fresh and Old Microbial Biofilms on Bayon Temple Sandstone of Angkor Thom, Cambodia

Lan

Wang

et al. 2010

Microb Ecol

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“…Schabereiter-Gurtner et al [19] [20] described a basic molecular protocol for the study of microbial communities colonizing cultural assets based on the sequences of the small subunit (16S for prokaryotes and 18S for eukaryotes) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Since then, many authors have used and further developed molecular protocols for the study of microbial communities colonising art works and monuments [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the best choice is the combination of classical cultivation techniques and molecular methods for the detection of the whole (cultivable and non-cultivable) microbial community in a sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of the Microbial Communities Detected on an Oil Painting on Canvas to Its Biodeterioration

et al. 2013

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In this study, we investigated the microbial community (bacteria and fungi) colonising an oil painting on canvas, which showed visible signs of biodeterioration. A combined strategy, comprising culture-dependent and -independent techniques, was selected. The results derived from the two techniques were disparate. Most of the isolated bacterial strains belonged to related species of the phylum Firmicutes, as Bacillus sp. and Paenisporosarcina sp., whereas the majority of the non-cultivable members of the bacterial community were shown to be related to species of the phylum Proteobacteria, as Stenotrophomonas sp. Fungal communities also showed discrepancies: the isolated fungal strains belonged to different genera of the order Eurotiales, as Penicillium and Eurotium, and the non-cultivable belonged to species of the order Pleosporales and Saccharomycetales. The cultivable microorganisms, which exhibited enzymatic activities related to the deterioration processes, were selected to evaluate their biodeteriorative potential on canvas paintings; namely Arthrobacter sp. as the representative bacterium and Penicillium sp. as the representative fungus. With this aim, a sample taken from the painting studied in this work was examined to determine the stratigraphic sequence of its cross-section. From this information, “mock paintings,” simulating the structure of the original painting, were prepared, inoculated with the selected bacterial and fungal strains, and subsequently examined by micro-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, in order to determine their potential susceptibility to microbial degradation. The FTIR-spectra revealed that neither Arthrobacter sp. nor Penicillium sp. alone, were able to induce chemical changes on the various materials used to prepare “mock paintings.” Only when inoculated together, could a synergistic effect on the FTIR-spectra be observed, in the form of a variation in band position on the spectrum.

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“…In this study seven (4.4%) 16S rDNA sequences that were related to the mentioned works were found. Finally eight sequences (5%) were related to four different historical locations, which partly also showed the pink pigmentation phenomenon: the church of Saint Anna im Feld, Germany [17], the Roman Necropolis of Carmona, Spain [14], [29], [34], the Tomb of the Monkeys, Italy [35] and an old mould-damaged building [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports have shown that ancient stone works and mural paintings represent a common habitat for extremely salt tolerant and moderate halophilic bacteria [10]–[13] and archaea [10], [14]. The rosy discolouration of stone works in different historical buildings located in various parts of Europe was also already subject of different studies [3], [15]–[17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halophilic Microorganisms Are Responsible for the Rosy Discolouration of Saline Environments in Three Historical Buildings with Mural Paintings

et al. 2014

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A number of mural paintings and building materials from monuments located in central and south Europe are characterized by the presence of an intriguing rosy discolouration phenomenon. Although some similarities were observed among the bacterial and archaeal microbiota detected in these monuments, their origin and nature is still unknown. In order to get a complete overview of this biodeterioration process, we investigated the microbial communities in saline environments causing the rosy discolouration of mural paintings in three Austrian historical buildings using a combination of culture-dependent and -independent techniques as well as microscopic techniques. The bacterial communities were dominated by halophilic members of Actinobacteria, mainly of the genus Rubrobacter. Representatives of the Archaea were also detected with the predominating genera Halobacterium, Halococcus and Halalkalicoccus. Furthermore, halophilic bacterial strains, mainly of the phylum Firmicutes, could be retrieved from two monuments using special culture media. Inoculation of building materials (limestone and gypsum plaster) with selected isolates reproduced the unaesthetic rosy effect and biodeterioration in the laboratory.

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Archaeal communities in two disparate deteriorated ancient wall paintings: detection, identification and temporal monitoring by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Microbial Community Analysis of Fresh and Old Microbial Biofilms on Bayon Temple Sandstone of Angkor Thom, Cambodia

Microbial Community Analysis of Fresh and Old Microbial Biofilms on Bayon Temple Sandstone of Angkor Thom, Cambodia

Contribution of the Microbial Communities Detected on an Oil Painting on Canvas to Its Biodeterioration

Halophilic Microorganisms Are Responsible for the Rosy Discolouration of Saline Environments in Three Historical Buildings with Mural Paintings

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