Archaeometallurgy of copper in the Middle Elamite period of southwestern Iran: Analytical investigation of various parts of the copper production in Haft Tappeh

Oudbashi, Omid; Mishmastnehi, Moslem

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102216

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Major and minor elements of the bulk of Motyan slags are measured by EMPA with the aim to classify them through quantitative chemical data. [44,57] The results indicate that the Cu-based slags are mainly composed of Cu (0.35-99.69 wt%) and Fe (0.00-50.05 wt%) that suggest a considerably variability of the chemistry (Table S1). The slags MD.18.110, MD.18.168, MD.18.23, and MD.17.140 are richer in Fe, S, Ca, and Si and depleted in Cu, Cl, As, and Sb compared with the other samples (Table S1).…”

Section: Quantitative Chemical Analysis and Phase Diagramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques applied for the study of copper and iron wastes from Motya (Italy)

Bernabale

Montanari

Nigro

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work is the first archaeometric investigation on copper and iron wastes from the Phoenician site of Motya (Sicily, Italy), dating back to the 8 th to the 4 th century BC. The samples were analyzed through micro-Raman Spectroscopy (μ-RS), Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), High-Resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-FESEM), and Electron Micro-Probe Analysis (EMPA). Micro-Raman techinique permitted to identify both primary phases, for example, calchopyrite, and secondary products such as cuprite and copper thrihydroxychlorides in the Cu-slags and goethite in the Fe-slags. SEM and HR-FESEM imaging showed the occurrence of inhomogeneous microstructures in the Cu-and Fe-slags due to elements segregation, solidification, and corrosion. EMPA data revealed that the archaeometallurgical wastes from Motya can be differentiated on the basis of their chemical compositions. These preliminary results showed different typologies of byproducts, such as base metals speiss, copper slags from smelting sulfide ore with matte, and iron smelting and smithing slags, suggesting different stages of copper and iron productions.

show abstract

Section: Quantitative Chemical Analysis and Phase Diagramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques applied for the study of copper and iron wastes from Motya (Italy)

Bernabale

Montanari

Nigro

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, although tin bronze emerged and slowly spread during the Bronze Age, it was selected as the main copper-base alloy by ancient Iranian metalworkers in the Iron Age for producing routine and ritual artefacts. Of course, it is worth noting that (impure) copper and arsenical copper are also observed in some archaeological sites as main metals for producing artefacts during the Iron Age, such as at Marlik, Haft Tappeh and Sagzabad (Oudbashi and Hessari, 2017;Oudbashi et al, 2019;Oudbashi and Mishmastnehi, 2020;Oudbashi et al, in press;Vatandoost-Haghighi, 1977). However, this is not observed among the Luristan Bronzes.…”

Section: Luristan Bronzes: Technology and Provenancementioning

confidence: 99%

An old problem in a new light: Elemental and lead isotopic analysis of Luristan Bronzes

Oudbashi

Rademakers

Vanhaecke

et al. 2021

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Sodaeia and Kashanib (2017) analyzed six copper slag remains from Chaltasian, Iron Age II and reported a significant amount of silica and barite emanating from the smelting process and a lead‐zinc source in limestone, respectively. Another study evaluated different metallurgical materials and processes including the production of copper and tin bronze objects from the Middle Elamite site of Haft Tappeh (Oudbashi & Mishmastnehi, 2020). Mohamadi Nasab et al (2022) also suggested the highest rate of copper recovery from the crystallized slags containing moderate to coarse copper‐bearing particles by the flotation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the environmental impacts of copper cathode production based on life cycle assessment

Shahraki,

Einollahipeer,

Abyar

et al. 2023

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Copper demand is growing considerably in parallel to economic and technological development. The rate increase in copper consumption in Iran adds pressure on the numerous unexploited mines in southeast Iran and induces the environmental crisis alongside the northern Levar wind in this area. Given this, this study was carried out to systematically explore the environmental impacts of a one‐ton copper cathode processing operation from a cradle‐to‐gate perspective using life cycle assessment (LCA). Moreover, the release of greenhouse gases and the energy consumption within the copper cathode production were also assessed. The results indicated that sulfuric acid utilization in the smelting and extraction stages, metal leaching from tailings, and CO2 dominated more than 50% of contributions to freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, human toxicity, and global warming, respectively. The energy analysis showed 88.92% of crude oil utilization to provide the energy demand, especially for the electrowinning stage, which should be promoted technologically. For global warming, the indirect CO2 emission from electricity consumption with a source of fossil fuels was the main contributor (94.56%). Therefore, shifting from conventional energy systems towards renewable energy systems could alleviate the overall environmental impact. According to a 0.57‐ton sulfuric acid effluent per one‐ton copper cathode production, its treatment and reuse in the process is recommended. Summing up, the results of this study provide the environmental hotspots for copper cathode production for further investigations.

show abstract

Archaeometallurgy of copper in the Middle Elamite period of southwestern Iran: Analytical investigation of various parts of the copper production in Haft Tappeh

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques applied for the study of copper and iron wastes from Motya (Italy)

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques applied for the study of copper and iron wastes from Motya (Italy)

An old problem in a new light: Elemental and lead isotopic analysis of Luristan Bronzes

Assessing the environmental impacts of copper cathode production based on life cycle assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About