With the dawn of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) the relevance of System-on-Chips equipped with run-time configurable, application-specific macrocells increases as numerous tasks has to be taken over from the microprocessors in order to
Keywords
ARTL, AMDL, CPS, SoC, microarchitecture, RTL design
IntroductionIn the recent decade the most spectacular change in the field of digital system design has been the rise of the design entry's abstraction level and the usage of automated methods in the early stages of the design process. This is caused by the ever-increasing time-to-market and time-on-market pressure which has become one of the most important design objectives nowadays. With the dawn of the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrating physical processes and computation systems directly influencing each other via feedback loops, a huge amount of possible applications emerged and, since the development platforms and tools are very efficient and widely known, the development time has become the key factor on the common market [1,2,3].Because of these characteristics of the backend application requirements, the central data processing hardware components of these systems [4, 5] mainly comprise pre-designed, optimized, and pre-verified macrocells and the focus of digital design shifted to the high level methods used for integrating these components into functionally complete, intelligent systems [6][7][8][9].The foresaid demand for a fast development process in the application area implicitly places major demands upon the computation capacities of the underlying SoCs as well: The intelligence of the CPS applications is usually provided by the software environment running on an embedded microprocessor. These software applications tend to be more and more complex, therefore, the significance of the operating systembased runtime environments is also increasing, even in small designs. Similarly to the hardware development, the tool chains of the application software products are also based on the increasing abstraction (interpreted scripting languages, virtual machines etc.) requiring microprocessors with impressive computation capacities. Moreover, CPS applications are typically real-time systems necessitating predictable computation delays. This predictability is mainly handled by outsourcing the timing-critical tasks to application-specific, highly configurable Intellectual Property (IP) cores instead of performing them in software running on an Instruction-Set Processor (ISP) [10][11][12][13]. Since the overall characteristics of SoCs, such