Archetypes of Goal and Scope Definitions for Consistent Allocation in LCA

Schrijvers, Dieuwertje; Loubet, Philippe; Sonnemann, Guido

doi:10.3390/su12145587

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The material is then resuspended in deionised water at a 10% w/w concentration for the refining phase [42], through which the cellulosic suspension is refined up to a SR degree of 75-80 (maximum limit of cellulose refining that can be obtained with laboratory instruments). Additionally, in this case, we used the PFI instrument, reaching a • SR of 75-80 with 5000 rotor revolutions of the refiner.…”

Section: Enzho Nanofibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Cellulose Nanofibres Production Routes from Virgin and Recycled Raw Materials

et al. 2021

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Nanocellulose-based materials are attracting an increasing interest for the positive role they could play in sustainable development; being originated from renewable resources. Moreover, cellulose has a high potential of recycling from both post-consumer waste and industrial waste. Both factors, i.e., recyclability and renewable resources; results are also extremely favourable in the perspective of circular economy. Despite all these positive aspects, an industrial production has yet to start. At the lab scale, many preparation methods of cellulose nanofibres (CNF) are available; here, the three most common are analysed: (1) enzymatic pre-treatment followed by homogenisation (ENZHO), (2) oxidative pre-treatment combined with homogenisation (TOHO) or (3) oxidative pre-treatment followed by sonication (TOSO). All three processes have been experimentally carried out starting from both virgin and recycled cellulose from industrial waste sludge. The environmental sustainability of these three routes is estimated by the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using experimental lab scale data. In this scenario, the comparative LCA has pointed out a superior performance of the ENZHO process, followed by TOHO and, lastly, by TOSO. The influence of energy consumption on the final results has been further investigated by a sensitivity analysis, showing that the TOHO and TOSO routes could reach similar performances by scaling-up the process from the laboratory. The different typology of CNF obtained by conducting the ENZHO process with respect to the TEMPO-mediated oxidation approach is also outlined as an additional element to be considered for the final selection of a suitable process.

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Section: Enzho Nanofibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Cellulose Nanofibres Production Routes from Virgin and Recycled Raw Materials

et al. 2021

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“…This is achieved by purposefully trading-off the precision for the sake of making LCA accessible and usable in the early stages of train modernization while ensuring high accuracy by using an IO-based LCI. By limiting the goal and scope, impacts, and associated system boundaries, to only a single predetermined and archetypical application [57], the LCA expertise and information requirements are lowered. The sum of these simplifications makes it possible to apply a rudimentary but focused form of LCA where it would otherwise be impossible to use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design for Sustainable Public Transportation: LCA-Based Tooling for Guiding Early Design Priorities

et al. 2020

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Environmental sustainability is an increasingly important subject for public transportation organizations. For passenger train operators, modernization projects provide key opportunities to improve the environmental impact of their rolling stock by making informed design decisions at the midpoint of the life cycle of their trains. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is widely adopted as the main instrument for evaluating environmental impact. However, in the past LCA was rarely used in the earlier design stages, where it is most effective, due to constrained access to data, information, and LCA-specific expertise. To this end, a purpose-built streamlined LCA tool for train modernization is developed and demonstrated, following a Design Science Research approach. The developed tool simplifies the application of LCA employing four main design principles: (1) sacrificing the declarative function of LCA, (2) the use of Input–Output-based Life Cycle Inventory, (3) the inclusion of ‘shadow costs’, (4) the limitation of the included environmental impact categories. By streamlining the application of LCA in this way, it becomes possible to introduce LCA-based principles and ways of thinking into a process that would otherwise be inaccessible to performing LCA in: the early design stages of modernization projects.

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“…The input and output flows that correspond to each stage of the product system are indicated, including the extraction of raw materials, the manufacture of inputs, the transformation processes to make the final product, the supply of energy, effluents, emissions and waste generated, among others. Similarly, the products and co-products evaluated in the LCA study are also mentioned [33,34].…”

Section: Definition Of Objectives and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts Associated with Intensive Production in Pig Farms in Mexico through Life Cycle Assessment

et al. 2021

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In this research, environmental impacts associated with the intensive production of pigs on a farm in Mexico were determined through the application of life cycle assessment methodology. The research was focused on the following stages of the product system: (i) pig rearing and growth phases; (ii) production operations in the pig-house; (iii) the supply of feed. The life cycle inventory database was mainly made up of data collected in field visits to local farms. The functional unit was defined as one finished swine weighing 124 kg. The results for the selected impact categories of carbon, water, and energy footprints were 538.62 kg CO2eq, 21.34 m3, and 1773.79 MJ, respectively. The greatest impact was generated in the final stages of pig fattening, mainly due to the large quantity of feed supplied. The impacts caused by operation of the pig farm were less significant, their contribution in all cases was less than a third of the total quantified values. The energy conversion of pig slurry improves the environmental performance of the product system by reducing the carbon footprint.

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Archetypes of Goal and Scope Definitions for Consistent Allocation in LCA

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Cellulose Nanofibres Production Routes from Virgin and Recycled Raw Materials

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Cellulose Nanofibres Production Routes from Virgin and Recycled Raw Materials

Design for Sustainable Public Transportation: LCA-Based Tooling for Guiding Early Design Priorities

Environmental Impacts Associated with Intensive Production in Pig Farms in Mexico through Life Cycle Assessment

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