“…A variety of ground improvement techniques have been adopted to address soft subgrade-related issues, among others: grouting [eg, [22][23][24][25] ], soil mixing [eg, [26][27][28][29] ], micropile [eg, [30][31][32] ], soil nail [eg, [33][34][35][36] ], stone column [eg, [37][38][39][40], and rigid inclusions. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] The last one (also known as column-supported embankment) are gaining more attention every time in geotechnical engineering in general [eg, [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61], and in the railroad industry in particular [eg, [62][63][64][65][66][67] ]. This increasing interest is because this soil improvement technique is based on traditional materials (eg, timber o...…”