Architectonic Mapping of the Human Brain beyond Brodmann

Amunts, Katrin; Zilles, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.001

Cited by 421 publications

(392 citation statements)

References 223 publications

(248 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

378

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Using the maximum probability maps of area SMA and pre-SMA as seed regions for a coordinate-based neuroimaging meta-analysis, we were able to describe also a functional segregation between areas SMA and pre-SMA. Although, our results further support the notion that the integration of different methodological approaches distinguishing cortical modules is necessary to understand the link between brain structure and function (Amunts and Zilles 2015), future studies are needed to account for the diversity and integration of human brain function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Cytoarchitecture, probability maps, and functions of the human supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dorsal mesial frontal cortex contains the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), which play an important role in action and cognition. Evidence from cytoarchitectonic, stimulation, and functional studies suggests structural and functional divergence between the two subregions. However, a microstructural map of these areas obtained in a representative sample of brains in a stereotaxic reference space is still lacking. In the present study we show that the dorsal mesial frontal motor cortex comprises two microstructurally different brain regions: area SMA and area pre-SMA. Area-specific cytoarchitectonic patterns were studied in serial histological sections stained for cell bodies of ten human postmortem brains. Borders of the two cortical areas were identified using image analysis and statistical features. The 3D reconstructed areas were transferred to a common reference space, and probabilistic maps were calculated by superimposing the individual maps. A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional imaging data was subsequently performed using the two probabilistic maps as microstructurally defined seed regions. It revealed that areas SMA and pre-SMA were strongly co-activated with areas in precentral, supramarginal and superior frontal gyri, Rolandic operculum, thalamus, putamen and cerebellum. Both areas were related to motor functions, but area pre-SMA was involved in more complex processes such as learning, cognitive processes and perception. The here described subsequent analyses led to converging evidence supporting the microstructural, and functional segregation of areas SMA and pre-SMA, and maps will be made available to the scientific community to further elucidate the microstructural substrates of motor and cognitive control.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00429-018-1738-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Cytoarchitecture, probability maps, and functions of the human supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This agenda has substantially advanced in recent years, as automated parcellation methods improve and data sets of unprecedented size and quality become available [2][3][4]. Nevertheless, our understanding of how the complex structure of the cerebral cortex emerges and gives rise to its elaborate functions remains fragmentary.…”

Section: The Significance Of Cortical Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortical area: the definition of what constitutes a cortical area is a subject of ongoing debates [2,4]. Most commonly, a cortical area is delineated from neighboring parts of the cortex based on a characteristic cytoarchitecture or myeloarchitecture, connectivity profile, and response to particular stimuli.…”

Section: Glossarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Gradients in Human Cortical Organization

Huntenburg

Bazin

Margulies

2018

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

800

738

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent advances in mapping cortical areas in the human brain provide a basis for investigating the significance of their spatial arrangement. Here we describe a dominant gradient in cortical features that spans between sensorimotor and transmodal areas. We propose that this gradient constitutes a core organizing axis of the human cerebral cortex, and describe an intrinsic coordinate system on its basis. Studying the cortex with respect to these intrinsic dimensions can inform our understanding of how the spectrum of cortical function emerges from structural constraints. The Significance of Cortical LocationFor more than a century, neuroscientists have studied the cerebral cortex by delineating individual cortical areas (see Glossary) and mapping their function [1]. This agenda has substantially advanced in recent years, as automated parcellation methods improve and data sets of unprecedented size and quality become available [2][3][4]. Nevertheless, our understanding of how the complex structure of the cerebral cortex emerges and gives rise to its elaborate functions remains fragmentary. To complement the description of individual cortical areas, we propose an inquiry into the significance of their spatial arrangement, asking the basic question: Why are cortical areas located where they are?Early formulations of this question date to theories from classical neuroanatomy [1,[5][6][7]. They state that the spatial layout of cortical areas is not arbitrary, but a consequence of developmental mechanisms, shaped through evolutionary selection. The location of an area among its neighbors thus provides insight into its microstructural characteristics [6], its connections to other parts of the brain [7], and eventually its position in global processing hierarchies [8]. Consider, for example, the well-researched visual system of the macaque monkey [9,10]. Along the visual hierarchy, low-level visual features are increasingly abstracted and integrated with information from other systems. Traditionally, areas are ordered based on their degree of microstructural differentiation, and the classification of their connections as feedforward or feedback [11]. The framework we advocate emphasizes that an area's position in the visual processing hierarchy -and thus many of its microstructural and connectional features -is strongly related to its distance from the primary visual area [12,13].More generally, we propose that the spatial arrangement of areas along a global gradient between sensorimotor and transmodal regions is a key feature of human cortical organization. A gradient is an axis of variance in cortical features, along which areas fall in a spatially continuous order. Areas that resemble each other with respect to the feature of interest occupy similar positions along the gradient. As we will point out, there is a strong relationship between the similarity of two areas -that is, their relative position along the gradient -and their relative position along the cortical surface. This important role of cortical location pro...

show abstract

“…Currently, these ‘translation’ operations are often provisionally performed by transferring the detected activation loci detected to the three-dimensional version of Brodmann’s famous cytoarchitectural map, produced by Talairach and Tournoux (1988, 1993). However, it has become increasingly clear that this map does not provide sufficient neuroanatomical precision to match the considerable degree of functional segregation suggested by neuroimaging studies (Zilles and Amunts 2010; Geyer et al 2011; Glasser and van Essen 2011; Amunts and Zilles 2015). A recent finding of great potential significance is that cortical myelin provides excellent MRI contrast, enabling the visualization of structural features relevant for the parcellation of the cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A map of the human neocortex showing the estimated overall myelin content of the individual architectonic areas based on the studies of Adolf Hopf

Nieuwenhuys

Broere

2016

Brain Struct Funct

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the period extending from 1910 to 1970, Oscar and Cécile Vogt and their numerous collaborators published a large number of myeloarchitectonic studies on the cortex of the various lobes of the human cerebrum. In a previous publication [Nieuwenhuys et al (Brain Struct Funct 220:2551–2573, 2015; Erratum in Brain Struct Funct 220: 3753–3755, 2015)], we used the data provided by the Vogt–Vogt school for the composition of a myeloarchitectonic map of the entire human neocortex. Because these data were derived from many different brains, a standard brain had to be introduced to which all data available could be transferred. As such the Colin 27 structural scan, aligned to the MNI305 template was selected. The resultant map includes 180 myeloarchitectonic areas, 64 frontal, 30 parietal, 6 insular, 17 occipital and 63 temporal. Here we present a supplementary map in which the overall density of the myelinated fibers in the individual architectonic areas is indicated, based on a meta-analysis of data provided by Adolf Hopf, a prominent collaborator of the Vogts. This map shows that the primary sensory and motor regions are densely myelinated and that, in general, myelination decreases stepwise with the distance from these primary regions. The map also reveals the presence of a number of heavily myelinated formations, situated beyond the primary sensory and motor domains, each consisting of two or more myeloarchitectonic areas. These formations were provisionally designated as the orbitofrontal, intraparietal, posterolateral temporal, and basal temporal dark clusters. Recently published MRI-based in vivo myelin content mappings show, with regard to the primary sensory and motor regions, a striking concordance with our map. As regards the heavily myelinated clusters shown by our map, scrutiny of the current literature revealed that correlates of all of these clusters have been identified in in vivo structural MRI studies and appear to correspond either entirely or largely to known cytoarchitectonic entities. Moreover, functional neuroimaging studies indicate that all of these clusters are involved in vision-related cognitive functions.

show abstract

Architectonic Mapping of the Human Brain beyond Brodmann

Cited by 421 publications

References 223 publications

Cytoarchitecture, probability maps, and functions of the human supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas

Cytoarchitecture, probability maps, and functions of the human supplementary and pre-supplementary motor areas

Large-Scale Gradients in Human Cortical Organization

A map of the human neocortex showing the estimated overall myelin content of the individual architectonic areas based on the studies of Adolf Hopf

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About