Architecture and Advanced Electronics Pathways Toward Highly Adaptive Energy- Efficient Computing

Fettweis, Gerhard; Dörpinghaus, Meik; Castrillón, Jerónimo; Kumar, Akash; Baier, Christel; Bock, Karlheinz; Ellinger, Frank; Fery, Andreas; Fitzek, Frank H. P.; Härtig, Hermann; Jamshidi, Kambiz; Kissinger, Thomas; Lehner, Wolfgang; Mertig, Michael; Nagel, Wolfgang E.; Nguyen, Giang T.; Plettemeier, Dirk; Schröter, M.; Strufe, Thorsten

doi:10.1109/jproc.2018.2874895

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…A further reduction of the connection attenuation would allow for more inline connections without sacrificing the total link length, and without exceeding the tight optical power budgets that are just shy of 2 dB for modern IEEE802.3 Ethernet networks [19] and will be tightened even further as data rates increase [34]. Other (potentially) detachable optical interfaces that bring fiber optics closer to the transceivers or compute engines include free-space optics lenses inside a transmitter and receiver optical subassembly [24], 45°mirrors that are integrated in board level optics [9], or direct butt-coupled fibers to rectangular waveguides on chip [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Mode Matching in a Wilson Basis --- Optical Fiber Connections with a Gap

Floris

Hon

Beurden

et al. 2021

Preprint

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On the basis of two optical fibers with an optional lateral and longitudinal displacement in a homogeneous background medium, we describe a general full-vectorial Wilson-basis discretized mode-matching method that evaluates the converged electromagnetic fields after all resonances in the possible gap cavity have settled. Wilson basis functions feature strong localization in both the spatial and the spectral domain, which allows for efficient modal electromagnetic field expansions, adequate truncation of field propagation operators, and sparse translation operators, which in turn allow to make ad hoc electromagnetic field-matching operators. For physical contact connections between single-mode fibers with a mode-field diameter mismatch, we obtain attenuation curves that are right between those obtained from approximation methods that either effectively match the electric field or the magnetic field under the assumption of a vanishing reflection. For fibers separated by a growing gap, constructive and destructive interference patterns in the cavity are computed by the successive application of Love's equivalence principle and the propagation operator. By leveraging the physical width of the Wilson basis functions and the stepsize of the propagation operator, the initial operators may be reused in solving the interface problem for other wavelengths. For multi-mode fiber connections, we provide attenuation curves on a modal electromagnetic field level, as well as for overfilled and core-confined target encircled-flux compliant launches. A comparison to geometrical-optics based approaches shows attenuation differences in the order of several hundredth of a dB, and although that is small, it is significant for modern connection attenuation specifications. In the final example of connections between regular and trench-assisted multi-mode fibers, we notice that the relative change in the cumulative near-field power distribution can be significant, despite a marginally small attenuation. The influence of a core diameter and/or numerical aperture mismatch can be examined with a deliberate lateral misalignment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Mode Matching in a Wilson Basis --- Optical Fiber Connections with a Gap

Floris

Hon

Beurden

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Power conservation continues to challenge a feasible wideband transceiver and baseband hardware implementation for next generation mobile devices. The key to conserving power is a flexible transceiver and algorithm design capable of scaling back on power consumption when higher performance is not needed [26], [27]. Power consumption by ADCs can be scaled by: 1) turning off RF chains, 2) using variable resolution ADCs with complex circuit design and 3) changing ADC speed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Scalable Angle of Arrival Estimation Using Pilot Design With Orthogonal Subsequences

Ullah

Tewfik

Heath

2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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Energy efficient array processing is critical to implement feasible solutions for directional communication in a mmWave channel. MmWave channels are highly susceptible to blockage and require frequent angle of arrival (AoA) estimation. An AoA estimation solutions with a fully digital architecture offers a low latency, high performance and flexible solution suitable for the stringent requirements of 5G. However, the large number of high speed converters in a digital receiver are the dominant power consuming elements. Alternative analog or hybrid architectures use fewer high speed converters, but require sweeping measurements to estimate AoAs over the angular space, and thus adds latency to the estimation process. In this paper, we present a variable rate sub-Nyquist decoupling solution that leverages pilot design. The pilot's subsequence properties allow decoupling the source waveforms at fractions of the Nyquist rate. We leverage this concept to scale power consumption by the converters. We preprocess the received signals at the antenna array with the variable rate sub-Nyquist decoupling algorithm and use a few well known digital estimators for AoA estimation including DEML, KR-MUSIC based two level nested array and coprime filter bank. In addition to scalable power consumption, our research indicates some other benefits of the decoupling, including reduced complexity algorithm implementation and improved performance estimation for the non maximum likelihood estimators.

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“…The TBPP is introduced in an application-oriented article, see [9], dealing with efficient workload server management in data centers-one of the key challenges in light of the ever-growing energy demand of the IT industry [1,12,14]. As far as the TBPP solution methods are concerned, we refer the reader to [10], an article which presents several heuristic and exact approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some key indicators summarizing the effects of the step-by-step reduction for n = 150 (upper half, i.e., rows 1-6) and n = 200 (lower half, i.e., rows[7][8][9][10][11][12] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable and constraint reduction techniques for the temporal bin packing problem with fire-ups

et al. 2021

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The aim of this letter is to design and computationally test several improvements for the compact integer linear programming (ILP) formulations of the temporal bin packing problem with fire-ups (TBPP-FU). This problem is a challenging generalization of the classical bin packing problem in which the items, interpreted as jobs of given weight, are active only during an associated time window. The TBPP-FU objective function asks for the minimization of the weighted sum of the number of bins, viewed as servers of given capacity, to execute all the jobs and the total number of fire-ups. The fire-ups count the number of times the servers are activated due to the presence of assigned active jobs. Our contributions are effective procedures to reduce the number of variables and constraints of the ILP formulations proposed in the literature as well as the introduction of new valid inequalities. By extensive computational tests we show that substantial improvements can be achieved and several instances from the literature can be solved to proven optimality for the first time.

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Architecture and Advanced Electronics Pathways Toward Highly Adaptive Energy- Efficient Computing

Cited by 34 publications

References 109 publications

Electromagnetic Mode Matching in a Wilson Basis --- Optical Fiber Connections with a Gap

Electromagnetic Mode Matching in a Wilson Basis --- Optical Fiber Connections with a Gap

Power Scalable Angle of Arrival Estimation Using Pilot Design With Orthogonal Subsequences

Variable and constraint reduction techniques for the temporal bin packing problem with fire-ups

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