“…Examples with respect to the 3GPP are the CAB (charging, Accounting, Billing) service [6,7] of the MOBIVAS project (Downloadable Mobile Value-Added-Services through Software Radio and Switching Integrated Platforms), which implements configurability of both accounting and billing components regarding given tariffs as well as the service-oriented and convergent charging architecture [8,9] of the 3GET (3G Evolving Technologies) project which was developed from scratch to reduce the complexity of charging in current mobile telecommunication systems by applying policy-based networking methods to configure all aspects of the system based on tariffs. Regarding IETF/IRTF's AAA (Authentication, Authorisation, Accounting) architecture, we can name as examples the generic AAAC architecture [10][11][12] of the MobyDick (Mobility and Differentiated Services in a Future IP Network) project, which resulted in a configurable architecture focussing on offline charging and laying emphasis on the transport level and the configurability of the corresponding accounting infrastructure, as well as Daidalos (Designing Advanced network Interfaces for the Delivery and Administration of Location independent, Optimised personal Services) whose A4C (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting, Auditing, and Charging) system [13] builds on the results of Moby Dick by now also addressing service-level charging and by integrating the online charging mechanism.…”