Architecture of covalent bonds between filament layers to enhance performance of 3D printing biodegradable polymer blends

Lyu, Yang; Chen, Yanlu; Lin, Leyu; Schlarb, Alois K.; Li, Yue; Shi, Xinyan

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107456

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Then, the slicing software will slice the file and transfer it into a G-code format, which allows the FDM printer to read and manufacture the part. After the printer constructs the part completely, a certain part will be irradiated by UV light via a UV curing machine, a post-processing step commonly used in composite fiber material for stronger polymer chains and physical entanglements [ 15 ]. A large number of studies have been conducted to explore the processing parameters to optimize the manufacturing efficiency and the product mechanical properties (e.g., tensile, compressive, bending, and hardness) of the FDM process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation on the Hardness of Polylactic Acid Parts Fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling

et al. 2022

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This paper investigated the hardness property of the fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed PLA samples via different process parameters of printing and raster angles. The hardness data were sampled from the flat and edge surfaces of the samples. In addition, the effect of hardness characters after the ultraviolet (UV) curing process was analyzed. Furthermore, this research found that the printing and raster angles significantly affected the hardness value of the PLA part, which slightly increased after the UV irradiation. Moreover, the results of this study will provide a reference for the field of FDM application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers improve polymer via UV curing or irradiation process, which was considered as a method to increase the long-term stability of polymer [ 28 ]. Lyu et al [ 15 ] added phosphine oxide (XBPO) in the PLA matrix, the results found that the maximum tensile strength of 3D printing specimens increased by 82.5% after UV process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation on the Hardness of Polylactic Acid Parts Fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling

et al. 2022

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“…The main objective is to obtain new properties through the synergistic coupling of the characteristics of the constituent polymers. 122,[342][343][344][345][346][347][348]…”

Section: Starch: Generalities and Gelatinizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Silva

Rios

Santana

2023

Polymers from Renewable Resources

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The limited degradation of synthetic polymers used in food packaging when discarded in the environment is a major concern for society. Therefore, industry and academia have sought to develop biodegradable and eco-friendly materials for single-use in packaging. An interesting alternative for the food industry is biodegradable polymeric films, which is why different biopolymers have been used in the production of sustainable packaging. It is worth mentioning that the use of biodegradable polymers is one of the most successful innovations in the industry to address issues related to the environment. Among the available raw materials, starch extracted from different renewable sources is very promising for this purpose, due to its abundance, low-cost compared to other polymers and ability to produce non-toxic films. However, when used alone, pure starch has many limitations, which can be overcome by developing a mixture with other polymers (polymer blends), preferably from renewable and biodegradable sources, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA). In this context, the absence of literature reviews evidencing the results of the application of films in foods led us to write this article, given the importance of polymer blends produced with different types of starch (cassava, corn, pea, potato, rice and wheat) and the PLA matrix. According to the results, it is clear that polymer blends based on PLA/Starch for food packaging are very promising, already being part of the industries solutions, aiming to minimize the large volume of plastic waste of petrochemical origin discarded in nature. Obviously, as with any technology, more research is needed to further improve the performance of the films, and while much research has made great strides, there are still limitations that prevent the commercialization of these materials.

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“…Equation (4) shows that the square of the distance a polymer chain travels due to diffusion is proportional to time where 𝐷 𝑐 is the diffusion constant. He also showed that the end-segment motion of a chain outside the tube is easier than the internal segments because the internal segments' movements were restricted by the constraints of surrounding chains.…”

Section: Fig 2 Relationship Of Molecular Diffusion and Interfacial He...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, FDM has limitations that prevent its use in high-volume and high-strength applications. Major limitations include anisotropy in the Z-direction, inter-layer voids, weak interlayer adhesion due to insufficient polymer chain entanglement, and a stepped surface finish inherent to the process [3][4][5]. To overcome these challenges, there have been various strategies that have been proposed and evaluated [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Influence of Ultrasonic Vibration on Physical, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Fused Deposition Modeled Specimens

Quader,

Klinstein,

Grewell

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The use of fused deposition modeling (FDM) in printing polymers for various applications has been ever increasing. However, its utilization in printing polymers for high-strength and superior surface finish applications is still a challenge, primarily due to process intrinsic defects i.e., voids between the layers and the rough exterior arising from unrestrained deposition of molten polymer. This research hypothesizes that application of ultrasonic vibration (USV) post-fabrication could minimize these shortcomings. For this investigation, ASTM D638 Type IV samples were FDM printed using Poly(lactic) Acid (PLA). Through screening experiments, an optimized set of ultrasonic parameters was determined. Then, the effect of both-sided ultrasonic application was characterized. Subsequently, the impact of USV on the samples’ physical, tensile, and morphological properties was examined by varying the layer height, infill patterns, and % infill density. Up to 70% roughness reduction was observed as a result of post-FDM ultrasonic application. Additionally, the tensile strength of the samples increased by up to 15.31%. Moreover, for some lower % infill samples, post-ultrasonic tensile strengths were higher than 100% infill control samples. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) imagery indicated enhanced layer consolidation and reduced void presence in samples treated with ultrasonic. The combination of ultrasonic-generated heat and downward pressure promoted a synergistic squeeze flow and intermolecular diffusion across consecutive layers of polymers. As a result, increased tensile strength and surface finish were achieved while dimensional change was marginal.

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Architecture of covalent bonds between filament layers to enhance performance of 3D printing biodegradable polymer blends

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

An Investigation on the Hardness of Polylactic Acid Parts Fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling

An Investigation on the Hardness of Polylactic Acid Parts Fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling

Polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch for the production of films applied in food packaging: A brief review

Evaluation of the Influence of Ultrasonic Vibration on Physical, Tensile, and Morphological Properties of Fused Deposition Modeled Specimens

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