Arcobacter bivalviorum sp. nov. and Arcobacter venerupis sp. nov., new species isolated from shellfish

Arcobacter in Lake Erie Beach Waters: an Emerging Gastrointestinal Pathogen Linked with Human-Associated Fecal Contamination

“…However, Arcobacter identification based on the 23S rRNA gene was less accurate than using other genetic markers, such as the 16S rRNA gene. The main reason that the identification of Arcobacter sequences by phylogenetic inference was limited was that there is very little information on 23S rRNA sequences of recently identified Arcobacter species, such as A. ellisii, A. defluvii, A. bivalviorum, and A. venerupis (12,18,34). Since the taxonomy of Arcobacter species has been based on analyses of the 16S rRNA gene (9, 58), a seminested PCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene was performed on the Arcobacter real-time qPCR-positive samples.…”

“…The sequences were compared with those available in the GenBank databases by using the PubMed NCBI BLAST program to identify sequenced products. To obtain accurate molecular identification of sequenced products, the partial 16S rRNA sequences of 20 seminested PCR products were aligned with those of Arcobacter reference strains from GenBank as proposed by Levican et al (34), with some modification, and the sequences were aligned with Arcobacter reference strains. Preliminary alignment was done with Clustal X (version 1.8) (51), with multiple alignments set to default.…”

Higher Water Temperature and Incubation under Aerobic and Microaerobic Conditions Increase the Recovery and Diversity of Arcobacter spp. from Shellfish

“…The m-PCR (14) and 16S rRNA-RFLP (16, 17) identification methods assigned 87 (73.7%) of those 118 genotypes or strains to 7 known species. Of the remaining 31 (26.3%) strains, one (strain F128-2) seemed to belong to a potential new species, which is awaiting its formal description, and 30 were recognized as belonging to three new Arcobacter species described elsewhere as Arcobacter molluscorum, Arcobacter ellisii, and Arcobacter bivalviorum (19)(20)(21). Their descriptions included an extensive phenotypic characterization, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization, etc., as recommended (22).…”

Comparison of Conventional PCR, Multiplex PCR, and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection of Arcobacter Species

“…Arcobacter nitrofigilis and Arcobacter cryaerophilus were previously included in the genus Campylobacter and later reassigned to the genus Arcobacter. In the past decade, the genus Arcobacter has been expanded to include 14 species with the following chronological order of discovery: Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, Arcobacter cibarius, Arcobacter halophilus, Arcobacter mytili, Arcobacter thereius, Arcobacter marinus, Arcobacter trophiarum, Arcobacter defluvii, Arcobacter molluscorum, Arcobacter bivalviorum, and Arcobacter venerupis (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Among the Arcobacter species described to date, A. butzleri, A. skirrowii, and A. cryaerophilus are considered human pathogens causing gastroenteritis or bacteremia (16).…”