Arctic gadids in a rapidly changing environment

Mueter, Franz J.; Bouchard, Caroline; Hop, Haakon; Laurel, Benjamin J.; Norcross, Brenda L.

doi:10.1007/s00300-020-02696-1

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is partly due to the increasing recognition of the importance of animal movement as a principal driver of species interactions, food web structure, biodiversity and potential flexibility to environmental change (Nathan et al., 2008). While several other recent syntheses include focus on circumpolar Arctic gadids (Bouchard & Fortier, 2020; Snoeijs‐Leijonmalm et al., 2020) including climate change and fisheries impacts (Haug et al., 2019; Mueter et al., 2020), this work is, to our knowledge, the first circumpolar synthesis focussing on B. saida and A. glacialis movement ecology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cod movement ecology in a warming world: Circumpolar arctic gadids

et al. 2021

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Understanding fish movement in the Arctic is paramount during the current era of rapidly warming seas, receding sea ice and associated shifting species distributions and fishing effort. We synthesized the literature and identified key knowledge gaps on the movement ecology of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and Polar/Ice cod (Arctogadus glacialis, both Gadidae) in the context of climate change. Standardized web-based English-language literature searches yielded 51 articles directly relevant and 122 indirectly relevant for the movement ecology of these species combined. Most articles were primarily relevant to B. saida (85% of total filtered articles), occurred during open water season (49/38%) with focus on distribution (32/22%), predators (30/22%), seasonal spawning/feeding movements (22/19%), sea ice association (22/26%), climate change (20/15%) and vertical movements (17/19%) with few focused on horizontal dynamics (3/0%; B. saida/A. glacialis, respectively). Disproportionate data resolution has resulted in greater predictive power of movement models for the European (29% of articles) and North American (86%) Arctic regions relative to the logistically challenging Central Arctic Ocean and Russian-Siberian Arctic shelves (both 7%). The movements of circumpolar Arctic gadids are dependent on complex dynamics that include regional currents, the longevity of ice-flows and polynyas, water stratification and coastal hydrology. Dependence on these interactive and often co-dependent processes highlights major pathways and barriers to movement and distribution at higher latitudes. Despite a recent increase in impactful research, there is a critical need for more direct research on circumpolar gadid movements to aid understanding of climate change impacts on Arctic ecosystems and fisheries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cod movement ecology in a warming world: Circumpolar arctic gadids

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, it is also relevant to ask which factors affect the halibut stock most, e.g., whether it is 1) pressure from the fisheries, 2) changing ocean temperatures, 3) changing sea ice conditions, 4) higher presence of harp seals, or Atlantic cod inside the Icefjord, or 5) the results of changing plankton communities. Changes in the plankton community also need to be considered as changing sea ice conditions can initiate cascading events in the food web (Fossheim et al, 2015;Kortsch et al, 2012Kortsch et al, , 2015Mueter et al, 2020). Sea ice algae need stable sea ice (Leu et al, 2011(Leu et al, , 2015, otherwise their abundance will be affected by changing sea ice conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This, in turn, affects the polar cod, as they have been shown to depend highly on the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis (Bouchard & Fortier, 2020). Moreover, as polar cod plays a crucial role in Arctic food webs (Hop & Gjøsaeter, 2013;Mueter et al, 2020), a change in their abundance will potentially affect the abundance of other species higher up in the food chain (Bouchard et al, 2017;Bouchard et al, 2020;Hop & Gjøsaeter, 2013;Mueter et al, 2020). On the other hand, thinner sea ice conditions, more open water and increased freshwater discharge from below glaciers leading to an increase in nutrient transport from deeper waters to the fjord surface may enhance phytoplankton production in the upper stratified water column, that is often nutrient limited during summer as seen in other fjord systems (Meire et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inuit and Local Knowledge on the Marine Ecosystem in Ilulissat Icefjord, Greenland

2021

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The interview survey conducted in Ilulissat, Ilimanaq, and Qasigiannguit in Greenland during March–April 2019 showed that the local fishers are changing fishing strategies and adapting to a changing environment caused by climate change. The main fjord of Ilulissat Icefjord is usually filled with icebergs year-round, making it impossible to navigate. Currently, there are more ice clearing events in Ilulissat Icefjord during the winter than previously. The traditional pattern of going fishing using dogsled is changing and fishing from boats occurs, whenever the main fjord clears of ice. The poorer sea ice conditions in the southern branch of the fjord system, combined with the fact that it is increasingly challenging to reach fishing sites, have resulted in fishers from Qasigiannguit not going to the Icefjord as much as they used to. Ilulissat Icefjord is by any means considered important fishing and hunting ground by locals, as both Greenland halibut and ringed seals are known to be of larger size inside the fjord system, when compared to those caught in Disco Bay. The locals use Ilulissat Icefjord during a limited period of the year, and the fjord is therefore said to be protected from overexploitation. They observe the immediate effects of climate change from changes in the ice conditions, a change in the fjord's accessibility, and the occurrence of Atlantic cod, which were not present in the fjord system in such numbers before.

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“…Among the Arctic gadids, A. glacialis is the least studied species [ 10 ], and this study is the first to provide an in-depth characterization of the species’ cytogenetic features. The analysis, conducted on over 50 individuals collected from fjord systems of NE Greenland, revealed a remarkable intraspecific diversity, epitomized by diploid number (2n) spanning from 28 to 33.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with other gadid fish inhabiting the Arctic region, A. glacialis is still poorly studied [ 6 , 10 ], with genetic information restricted to mtDNA and microsatellites. Based on the mtDNA, a low level of genetic diversity was reported for individuals in NE Greenland [ 11 ] and western Canadian waters [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal Cline in Chromosome Numbers of Ice Cod A. glacialis (Gadidae) from Northeast Greenland

Ghigliotti

Christiansen

Carlig

et al. 2020

Genes

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The ice cod Arctogadus glacialis (Peters, 1872) is one of the few fish species endemic to the Arctic. With a circumpolar distribution, the species is confined to the fjords and shelves of the Arctic seas. Biological information on A. glacialis is scarce, with genomic information restricted to microsatellites. Within the frame of the TUNU-Programme: Arctic Ocean Fishes—Diversity, Adaptation and Conservation, we studied A. glacialis at the chromosomal level to explore fish diversity and evolutionary aspects. The analysis of over 50 individuals from the Northeast Greenland fjords between latitudes 71°09′ N and 76°42′ N revealed a remarkable intraspecific diversity epitomized by chromosome numbers spanning from 28 to 33, the occurrence of putative B chromosomes, and diversified patterns of distribution of heterochromatin and rDNAs. The number of B chromosomes followed a latitudinal gradient from 0–2 in the north to 2–5 in the south. Considering the benthic and rather stationary life history of this species, the observed chromosomal differences might have arisen independently, possibly driven and/or fostered by the dynamics of repetitive sequences, and are being fixed in relatively isolated fjord populations. The resulting latitudinal cline we observe today might have repercussions on the fate of local populations facing the ongoing climate-driven environmental changes.

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Arctic gadids in a rapidly changing environment

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Cod movement ecology in a warming world: Circumpolar arctic gadids

Cod movement ecology in a warming world: Circumpolar arctic gadids

Inuit and Local Knowledge on the Marine Ecosystem in Ilulissat Icefjord, Greenland

Latitudinal Cline in Chromosome Numbers of Ice Cod A. glacialis (Gadidae) from Northeast Greenland

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