The aim of this study is to further establish the validity and reliability of the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI). The reliability and validity of the instrument was investigated by comparing data from a US university sample, a US community sample, and a sample of Belgian traffic offenders. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the presence of a four-factor structure with items for Drunk Driving forming a separate scale apart from items for Risky Driving, Negative Cognitive/Emotional Driving and Aggressive Driving. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis with model constraints supported the validity of the DDDI. Inter-correlations revealed that the DDDI subscales are closely interrelated and uni-dimensionality of the measure was found in all three samples. This suggests the DDDI Total score can be used as a composite measure for dangerous driving. However, the validity of the subscales was demonstrated in the Belgian sample, as specific traffic offender groups (convicted for drunk driving, aggressive driving, speeding) scored higher on corresponding scales (Drunk Driving, Aggressive Driving, and Risky Driving, respectively), indicating that it is clinically meaningful to differentiate the subscales.Numerous studies have documented that aggressive driving is indeed a real problem (e.g., Canada Safety Council, 2001;Joint, 1995;Lajunen & Parker, 2001;Mizell, 1997;Sarkar et al., 2000;Rathbone & Huckabee, 1999; U.S. Department of Transportation, USDOT, 1998), though how much damage is done and whether or not it is increasing is a matter of debate (e.g., James & Nahl, 2000;Martinez, 1997;Sullman et al., 2007; USDOT, 1998). However, it seems aggressive driving is a construct that remains unclear in much of the literature. The following serves to elucidate the issue and provide the rationale for the division of the breadth of coverage in the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI) and its division into distinct subscales.A critical feature of interpersonal aggression is intent to harm, either psychologically (as with insults or gestures) or physically (e.g., Baron & Richardson, 1994; Geen & O'Neil, 1976; Goldstein, 1994;Felson, 2000). When applied to a vehicular context, intention is often implied but usually not truly known. A variety of aggressive driving definitions have been posited (e.g., Connell & Joint, 1996;Joint, 1995;Ellison-Potter, Bell, & Deffenbacher, 2001;Gulian, Matthews, Glendon, & Davies, 1989;James & Nahl, 2000;Mizell, 1997;Sarkar et al., 2000;Shinar, 1998); however, a common factor is that all include behaviors and cognitive and/or emotional states that make the driving situation more dangerous. Dula and Geller (2004) highlighted problems with defining driver aggression and posited that it is more useful to construe aggression as but one facet of dangerous driving. Dangerous driving encompasses Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the...