Are Atypical Nevi a Risk Factor for Uveal Melanoma? A Case-Control Study

Hees, C.L.M. van; Boer, A. de; Jager, Martine J.; Bleeker, J.C.; Kakebeeke, H.M.; Crijns, Marianne B.; Vandenbroucke, Jan P.; Bergman, Wilma

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12392754

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All except 1 previous study 8 found, like ours, that light eye color was significantly associated with choroidal and ciliary body melanoma (or melanoma at all ocular sites) 4 -7 (Table VI). Although clearly genetic in origin, the physiological basis for the effect is speculative and based on the assumption, as yet unproved, 4 -6 that exposure to UV radiation or visible light increases risk of ocular melanoma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Retinal macular degeneration has also been associated with glare sensitivity in young adulthood. 34 Two of 3 studies that examined tanning ability observed an increased risk of ocular melanoma in those who tan poorly 7,8 (Table VI), although only 1 study adjusted for eye color. 7 Both the study of Holly et al 7 and our study observed similar and significant trends of increasing risk of ocular melanoma with decreasing ability to tan, after adjustment for eye color.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye color and cutaneous nevi predict risk of ocular melanoma in Australia

Vajdic¹,

Kricker

Giblin

et al. 2001

Int. J. Cancer

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Ethnicity, cutaneous nevi and eye color are generally accepted risk factors for melanoma of the eye, although casecontrol studies have produced conflicting results. We sought to determine the constitutional risk factors for melanomas of the choroid, ciliary body, iris and conjunctiva in Australia. A population-based case-control study was conducted, with case ascertainment from a prospective national incidence survey and randomly selected community controls. Two hundred and ninety cases aged 18 -79 years and diagnosed between 1st January 1996 and 31st July 1998 were enrolled with 916 controls frequency matched by age, sex and State or Territory of residence. Risk of choroidal and ciliary body melanoma (n ‫؍‬ 246) was increased in people with grey (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.5), hazel (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4 -3.7) and blue eyes (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0 -2.7) compared with brown eyes. Risk was also increased in those with 4 or more nevi on their back, those unable to tan, and those who squinted when outdoors as a child. Risk was reduced in people born other than in Australia and New Zealand (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.0). Non-brown eye color was a risk factor for iris melanoma (n ‫؍‬ 25). No risk factors were identified for conjunctival melanoma (n ‫؍‬ 19). Eye color is the strongest constitutional predictor of choroidal and ciliary body melanoma, and may indicate a protective effect of melanin density at these sites. An independent association with cutaneous nevi suggests a role for other genetic factors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye color and cutaneous nevi predict risk of ocular melanoma in Australia

Vajdic¹,

Kricker

Giblin

et al. 2001

Int. J. Cancer

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“…Of the ocular melanoma patients, 9 % had the FAM-M syndrome, as compared with 1 % in the control population [ 47 ]. A similar association between uveal melanoma and dysplastic nevi has also been observed by others with an odds ratio ranging from 2.9 to 5.1 [ 48 ].…”

Section: Familial Atypical Mole and Melanoma Syndromesupporting

confidence: 73%

Uveal Melanoma: Epidemiologic Aspects

Singh

Bergman

Seregard

et al. 2014

Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology

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“…32 Dysplastic or atypical cutaneous nevi are regarded as a risk factor for CM; their association with UM is uncertain. A case-control study 33 of 109 UM patients and 149 controls demonstrated an increased number of clinically atypical nevi in those with UM (for 3 or more atypical nevi vs. none, odds ratio [OR] ϭ 5.1; 95% CI ϭ 1. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of uveal and cutaneous malignant melanoma in persons with multiple primary tumors

Shors

Iwamoto

Doody

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Uveal and cutaneous melanomas differ in tumor biology, immunophenotypes and the demographic correlates of their occurrence. As a means to examine the possibility of some shared etiologic factors, we wished to learn if the 2 cancers occurred in the same individual more often than would be expected by chance. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program from 1973-1998 were utilized for this purpose. The number of persons who went on to develop a second melanoma was compared to that expected based on the incidence of each type of melanoma in the general population, after adjusting for age, sex, calendar year and residence. Given an initial cutaneous melanoma, there was a 10-fold increased risk of developing a second cutaneous melanoma (95% confidence interval [CI] ‫؍‬ 9.4 -10.6). Persons with uveal melanoma went on to develop cutaneous melanoma 4.6 times (95% CI ‫؍‬ 2.9 -6.8) more often than the population at large. In contrast, persons with cutaneous melanoma were not subsequently diagnosed with uveal melanoma at an appreciably elevated rate (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] ‫؍‬ 1.4; 95% CI ‫؍‬ 0.5-3.0). While these data offer some support for the hypothesis that uveal and cutaneous melanomas have 1 or more etiologies in common, the lack of symmetry in the pattern of second uveal and second cutaneous melanomas remains unexplained. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: uveal melanoma; cutaneous melanoma; SEER; second cancerDespite originating from a common precursor cell, uveal melanomas (UMs, primary melanomas of the iris, ciliary body and choroid) and cutaneous melanomas (CMs) exhibit several notable differences. Although both are relatively uncommon, UM occurs far less frequently. 1 In addition, incidence and mortality rates of UM have been stable in worldwide registries from 1950 -1980, while rates of CM have increased during that same time period. 2 Although risk factors such as skin color and eye color may be shared, 3-6 the effect of environmental risk factors such as sunlight appears to be different. 1,4,[7][8][9] Biologically, UMs metastasize hematogenously, involving the liver most frequently, 10 while CMs most often involve the regional lymph nodes. 11 Recent immunolabeling studies 12,13 have shown that common melanoma-associated antigens are expressed differently in the 2 cancers.As another means of evaluating the possibility of shared etiologic factors between UM and CM, we sought to learn whether the two tumors occurred in the same person more frequently than would be expected by chance. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry collects data on incidence, survival and subsequent primary cancers. We utilized this database to examine the incidence of UM and CM as second primary cancers. We also report on the incidence of melanomas of the conjunctiva separately: Although these are ocular melanomas, their histologic and immunocytochemical characteristics are more similar to CM than to UM. 14 MATERIAL AND METHODSSince 1973, the National Cancer Institu...

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Are Atypical Nevi a Risk Factor for Uveal Melanoma? A Case-Control Study

Cited by 52 publications

References 18 publications

Eye color and cutaneous nevi predict risk of ocular melanoma in Australia

Eye color and cutaneous nevi predict risk of ocular melanoma in Australia

Uveal Melanoma: Epidemiologic Aspects

Relationship of uveal and cutaneous malignant melanoma in persons with multiple primary tumors

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