“…In terms of specific functionality, digital badges have shown potential as digital credentials (Gibson et al, 2013), mechanisms for engagement, motivation, and goal setting (Abramovich, Schunn, & Higashi, 2013), and as part of a larger gamified system (Su & Cheng, 2015), among other purposes (e.g., Antin & Churchill, 2011;Ulrich & Karvonen, 2011). Comprehensive reviews exploring the psychological dimensions of badging and best-practices for their design have also been conducted (McDaniel & Fanfarelli, 2016).…”