Are Hypnosis and Dissociation Related?<i>New Evidence for a Connection</i>

Cleveland, Jonathan M.; Korman, B. M.; Gold, Steven N.

doi:10.1080/00207144.2015.1002691

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Hypnotizability emerged as the strongest predictor of MPI case status among the cognitive and personality trait variables. The results of this study are consistent with some of the previous studies [e.g., (82)(83)(84)] among college students and other adult population in the West. For example, hypnotizability was positively correlated with dissociative experiences and behaviors, emotional contagion (79), and post-traumatic stress [e.g., (85)] but not with childhood abuse [e.g., (86,87)], depression, or cognitive failures.…”

Section: Cognitive and Personality Trait Factorssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characteristics of Adolescents Affected by Mass Psychogenic Illness Outbreaks in Schools in Nepal: A Case-Control Study

2020

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This paper presents the first systematic case-control study of correlates of mass psychogenic illness (MPI) in an adolescent school population. MPI is generally construed as a dissociative phenomenon spread by social contagion to individuals who are prone to dissociation. We sought to test if the correlates of dissociative experiences most commonly proposed in the literature could predict caseness among students affected by episodes of mass psychogenic illness occurring in schools in Nepal. We assessed 194 cases and 190 controls ( N = 384) of ages 11–18 years from 12 public schools. Cases and controls were comparable on all demographic variables, except for family configuration, with nuclear families more common among those affected. In bivariate comparisons, caseness was associated with childhood physical neglect and abuse, as well as living in nuclear families, peritraumatic dissociation, dissociative tendencies, and depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Hypnotizability emerged as the strongest correlate of psychogenic illness among the cognitive and personality trait variables. However, in multivariable logistic regression, the correlates of dissociation did not predict caseness, suggesting that they do not adequately account for the phenomenon of mass psychogenic illness. An ad-hoc Classification and Regression Trees analysis showed that if an adolescent was highly hypnotizable and reported high rates of peritraumatic dissociative experiences, then there was a 73% probability of being a case in a mass psychogenic illness episode. Future studies involving other psychological, social and cultural factors, as well as school- and family-related factors are needed to understand the correlates of mass psychogenic illness and guide prevention and intervention.

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Section: Cognitive and Personality Trait Factorssupporting

confidence: 92%

Characteristics of Adolescents Affected by Mass Psychogenic Illness Outbreaks in Schools in Nepal: A Case-Control Study

2020

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“…Modern hypnotic phenomena have been proposed to reflect dissociation, absorption, and suggestibility processes, along with spontaneous alterations of consciousness (Cardeña & Spiegel, 1991; Cleveland, Korman, & Gold, 2015). The discussion of the possibility of different types of high hypnotizables can be traced back at least to the 19th century.…”

Section: The Interaction Of Hypnotizability and Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation of hypnotizability and dissociation to everyday mentation: An experience-sampling study.

Cardeña¹,

Marcusson-Clavertz²

2016

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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Research has found that individuals varying in hypnotizability and dissociation respond differently to questionnaires and procedures geared to affect their state of consciousness, but their stream of consciousness in everyday life has not been investigated. We evaluated the everyday mentation of students (N ϭ 46) in a 2 (High vs. Low Hypnotizability) ϫ 2 (High vs. Low Dissociative) design through experience sampling with personal digital assistants (PDAs). The PDAs prompted volunteers randomly 8 times per day during 5 days and included questions about attention, type of mental activity, and mood, among others, which resulted in 5 factors: focus/absorption, daydreaming, negative affect, control/awareness, and detachment. High control/ awareness correlated with high focus/absorption, low negative affect, and low detachment. Detachment correlated also with daydreaming. As predicted, high dissociatives reported less control but more detachment and negative affect than low dissociatives. High hypnotizables (Highs) did not report more focus/absorption than low hypnotizables (Lows) but endorsed more daydreaming and negative affect. Highs reported more thoughts than Lows, and Lows reported more sensory impressions than Highs. Hypnotizability and dissociation also interacted: Low dissociatives/Lows reported less daydreaming than the others, and high dissociatives/Lows experienced less control than the other 3 groups combined. Participants reported less control/awareness during daydreaming, with high dissociatives/Highs showing a larger decrement than the others. Most mentations referred to thoughts or sensory impressions; the former were characterized by more negative affect than the latter. In general, individuals felt more dysphoric when their mentation was more detached or less focused or controlled than usual.

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“…A better strategy would be to assess dissociative experiences which occur while the subject is hypnotized (Cleveland, Korman, & Gold, 2015). Along these lines, Terhune and Cardeña (2010a, 2010b) assessed subjects’ experiences of hypnosis through the Inventory Scale of Hypnotic Depth (ISHD; Field & Palmer, 1969) and the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI; Kumar, Pekala, & Cummings, 1996).…”

Section: Identifying “Dissociative and “Non-dissociative” Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of hypnotic response, revisited

Kihlstrom

2015

Consciousness and Cognition

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It has long been speculated that there are discrete patterns of responsiveness to hypnotic suggestions, perhaps paralleling the factor structure of hypnotizability. An earlier study by Brenneman & Kihlstrom (1986), employing cluster analysis, found evidence for 12 such profiles. A new study by Terhune (2015), employing latent profile analysis, found evidence for three such patterns among highly hypnotizable subjects, and a fourth comprising subjects of medium hypnotizability. Some differences between the two studies are described. Convincing identification of discrete “types” of high hypnotizability, such as dissociative and nondissociative, may require a larger dataset than is currently available, but also data pertaining directly to divisions in conscious awareness and experienced involuntariness.

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Are Hypnosis and Dissociation Related?New Evidence for a Connection

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Characteristics of Adolescents Affected by Mass Psychogenic Illness Outbreaks in Schools in Nepal: A Case-Control Study

Characteristics of Adolescents Affected by Mass Psychogenic Illness Outbreaks in Schools in Nepal: A Case-Control Study

The relation of hypnotizability and dissociation to everyday mentation: An experience-sampling study.

Patterns of hypnotic response, revisited

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