Are oral and dental diseases linked to cancer?

Meurman, Jukka H.; Bascones-Martínez, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01837.x

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The recent literature also reports associations between the salivary microbiota and non-oral disease. Specific microbial consortia have been associated with obesity [9], [10], cancer [11], [12], HIV [13], inflammatory bowel disease [14], and atherosclerosis [15]. The possible value of the salivary microbiota for the early diagnosis of disease has also been noted [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Same Microbiota and a Potentially Discriminant Metabolome in the Saliva of Omnivore, Ovo-Lacto-Vegetarian and Vegan Individuals

et al. 2014

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The salivary microbiota has been linked to both oral and non-oral diseases. Scant knowledge is available on the effect of environmental factors such as long-term dietary choices on the salivary microbiota and metabolome. This study analyzed the microbial diversity and metabolomic profiles of the saliva of 161 healthy individuals who followed an omnivore or ovo-lacto-vegetarian or vegan diet. A large core microbiota was identified, including 12 bacterial genera, found in >98% of the individuals. The subjects could be stratified into three “salivary types” that differed on the basis of the relative abundance of the core genera Prevotella, Streptococcus/Gemella and Fusobacterium/Neisseria. Statistical analysis indicated no effect of dietary habit on the salivary microbiota. Phylogenetic beta-diversity analysis consistently showed no differences between omnivore, ovo-lacto-vegetarian and vegan individuals. Metabolomic profiling of saliva using 1H-NMR and GC-MS/SPME identified diet-related biomarkers that enabled a significant discrimination between the 3 groups of individuals on the basis of their diet. Formate, urea, uridine and 5-methyl-3-hexanone could discriminate samples from omnivores, whereas 1-propanol, hexanoic acid and proline were characteristic of non-omnivore diets. Although the salivary metabolome can be discriminating for diet, the microbiota has a remarkable inter-individual stability and did not vary with dietary habits. Microbial homeostasis might be perturbed with sub-standard oral hygiene or other environmental factors, but there is no current indication that a choice of an omnivore, ovo-lacto-vegetarian or vegan diet can lead to a specific composition of the oral microbiota with consequences on the oral homeostasis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Same Microbiota and a Potentially Discriminant Metabolome in the Saliva of Omnivore, Ovo-Lacto-Vegetarian and Vegan Individuals

et al. 2014

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“…However, two studies from China found an association between tooth loss and gastric cancer [3,4]. Putative mechanisms involved in the association between tooth loss and orodigestive cancers have been reviewed by Meurman and Bascones-Martinez [7], and infection and inflammation have been proposed as important risk factors. Orodigestive cancers were defined as cancers in the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, and colon, rectum or anus, as described in a recent report [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between tooth loss and orodigestive cancer mortality in an 80-year-old community-dwelling Japanese population: a 12-year prospective study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundA growing body of evidence has indicated a possible association between oral and gastrointestinal (orodigestive) cancers and periodontal disease or tooth loss. However, the evidence remains contradictory. This study investigated whether tooth loss, which is indicative of poor oral health and a potential source of oral infections, is associated with death from orodigestive cancer.MethodsThe study included 656 subjects in Fukuoka prefecture, Japan, who were 80 years old at baseline in 1998. All subjects underwent oral clinical examination and answered a questionnaire to determine their background characteristics. Cause of death over the 12-year follow-up was recorded from the registers at the Public Health Centers and classified according to the WHO International Classification of Diseases. Statistical analysis of associations was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox multivariate regression analyses.ResultsA significant association was observed between tooth loss (continuous variable) and cancer death (hazard ratio (HR): 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.07), after adjustment for potential confounders, including sex and smoking status. However, that association became insignificant in the fully adjusted model. On the other hand, tooth loss was significantly associated with orodigestive cancer (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.13), even in the fully adjusted model including place of residence as a part of socioeconomic status.ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence in a prospective study in a Japanese population that tooth loss is associated with increased orodigestive cancer mortality, although the causality remains unclear.

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“…10 The putative mechanisms involved in the association have been further reviewed by Meurman and Bascones-Martinez. 11 Considering these observations, the hypothesis of the present study was that dental plaque is associated with premature death in cancer. A high amount of dental plaque indicates poor oral hygiene and, subsequently, was thought to be a surrogate for increased risk for dental infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The association of dental plaque with cancer mortality in Sweden. A longitudinal study

et al. 2012

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ObjectivesTo study whether the amount of dental plaque, which indicates poor oral hygiene and is potential source of oral infections, associates with premature death from cancer.DesignProspective cohort study.Participants1390 randomly selected healthy young Swedes followed up from 1985 to 2009. All subjects underwent oral clinical examination and answered a questionnaire assessing background variables such as socioeconomic status and smoking.Outcome measuresCauses of death were recorded from national statistics and classified according to the WHO International Classification of Diseases. Unpaired t test, χ2 tests and multiple logistic regressions were used.ResultsOf the 1390 participants, 4.2% had died during the follow-up. Women had died at a mean age of 61.0 (±2.6 SD) years and men at the age of 60.2 (±2.9 SD) years. The amount of dental plaque between those who had died versus survived was statistically significant (p<0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, dental plaque appeared to be a significant independent predictor associated with 1.79 times the OR of death (p<0.05). Age increased the risk with an OR of 1.98 (p<0.05) and gender (men) with an OR of 1.91 (p<0.05). The malignancies were more widely scattered in men, while breast cancer was the most frequent cause of death in women.ConclusionsThis study hypothesis was confirmed by showing that poor oral hygiene, as reflected in the amount of dental plaque, was associated with increased cancer mortality.

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Are oral and dental diseases linked to cancer?

Abstract: Oral infections may trigger malignant transformation in tissues of the mouth and other organs. However, scientific evidence to date remains weak and further well-conducted studies are warranted before cancer can be properly added to the list of oral infection-related systemic diseases.

Cited by 36 publications

References 61 publications

The Same Microbiota and a Potentially Discriminant Metabolome in the Saliva of Omnivore, Ovo-Lacto-Vegetarian and Vegan Individuals

The Same Microbiota and a Potentially Discriminant Metabolome in the Saliva of Omnivore, Ovo-Lacto-Vegetarian and Vegan Individuals

Association between tooth loss and orodigestive cancer mortality in an 80-year-old community-dwelling Japanese population: a 12-year prospective study

The association of dental plaque with cancer mortality in Sweden. A longitudinal study

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