2015
DOI: 10.1177/1740774514563583
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Are outcome-adaptive allocation trials ethical?

Abstract: Randomization is firmly established as a cornerstone of clinical trial methodology. Yet, the ethics of randomization continues to generate controversy. The default, and most efficient, allocation scheme randomizes patients equally (1:1) across all arms of study. However, many randomized trials are using outcome-adaptive allocation schemes, which dynamically adjust the allocation ratio in favor of the better-performing treatment arm. Advocates of outcome-adaptive allocation contend that it better accommodates c… Show more

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Cited by 104 publications
(99 citation statements)
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“…Critics argue that AR provides a small advantage in sample size imbalance in favor of the superior treatments, while introducing inferential problems that decrease benefit to future patients. Discussions of AR have been given by Chappell and Karrison [11], Korn and Friedlin [12], Yuan and Yin [13], Lee, Chen and Yin [14], Rosenberger, Sverdlov and Hu [15], Buyse [16], Lee [17], and Hey and Kimmelman [18]. Berry [19] has argued that the greatest advantages of AR over ER may be obtained in multi-arm trials.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Critics argue that AR provides a small advantage in sample size imbalance in favor of the superior treatments, while introducing inferential problems that decrease benefit to future patients. Discussions of AR have been given by Chappell and Karrison [11], Korn and Friedlin [12], Yuan and Yin [13], Lee, Chen and Yin [14], Rosenberger, Sverdlov and Hu [15], Buyse [16], Lee [17], and Hey and Kimmelman [18]. Berry [19] has argued that the greatest advantages of AR over ER may be obtained in multi-arm trials.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They do not address difficult empirical questions about when, if ever, RAR represents a more efficient approach to clinical trials than traditional FRA designs 13. Nevertheless, interpreting RAR as modelling the behaviour of an idealised learning health system and showing how clinical equipoise reconciles that design with five important ethical principles demonstrates the relevance of this requirement to efforts to improve the efficiency of both research and clinical practice.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Critics of RAR have challenged empirical claims about the merits of this design feature 10–12. And there appears to be consensus that in the two arm cases, RAR is less efficient than an equal, fixed randomisation allocation (FRA) 13. However, in other settings, such as trials with more than two arms, a shared control group and clinical endpoints that manifest relatively soon after treatment delivery, studies that use RAR appear to have very favourable operating characteristics 14.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A kimenetelre épülő adaptív randomizáció több kezelési kar esetén nyújthat előnyöket, amikor a kimenet befolyásolja a további betegbevonást. Amikor több mint két kezelési kar van és több hipotézist is vizsgálnak (például nemcsak, hogy jobb-e, mint a placebo, hanem melyik dózis a legmegfelelőbb), akkor a különféle kezelési karok közül az előnytelenek korábbi leállítása és a további betegek átterelése az ígéretes karokba etikailag is elfogadható, mivel az összes betegteher ebben a vizsgálati szerkezetben kisebb lesz [10].…”
Section: Leggyakoribb Adaptív Vizsgálati Technikákunclassified