Are passengers willing to ride on autonomous cruise-ships?

Mehta, Rian; Winter, Scott R.; Rice, Stephen; Edwards, Maarten

doi:10.1016/j.martra.2021.100014

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Given that Degree 1 ships are the current norm in shipping, and Degree 2 ships will remain under on-board human supervision ready to "take control and operate the shipboard systems" if necessary, the real concern and potential disruption to shipping comes from Degree 3 and 4 ships. The thought of commercial and military ships traversing vast oceans, on or below the surface, with cargo (Yara, 2021), passengers (Mehta et al, 2021), and even weapons (Larter, 2021), but no crew is both alarming and fascinating and demands a systematic and thorough analysis from policy-makers, regulators, academia and the wider public.…”

Section: Taxonomy Terminology and General Observations On Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ships without crews: IMO and UK responses to cybersecurity, technology, law and regulation of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS)

Fenton

Chapsos

2023

Front. Comput. Sci.

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This article considers the current technological developments in uncrewed Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), examines the legal and regulatory challenges that they raise, and describes the ways in which an international body (the International Maritime Organization, IMO) and a national agency (UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency, MCA) are engaging with the massive task of regulating this new development in shipping. To achieve the research aim, the article combines primary data from interviews with industry, government and international regulators, a survey completed by practitioners, experts and academics working in the field, and relevant secondary sources. The article makes an original contribution by noting and analyzing the approaches of the IMO and the UK government–bodies which are highly influential in shaping global attitudes, preparation, adoption and responses to such innovative technologies like MASS–and how they have engaged with the difficult question of regulating the various legal, technical and cybersecurity challenges that they raise. It concludes that for the MASS technology to fulfill its potential and gradually see the integration of such vessels in international shipping in a safe, secure and sustainable way, the international community needs to work together, and update by consensus the key legal instruments and policy documents. In this major task, the UK approach and IMO's leading role can play a protagonist role in developing best practice and implementing respectively.

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Section: Taxonomy Terminology and General Observations On Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ships without crews: IMO and UK responses to cybersecurity, technology, law and regulation of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS)

Fenton

Chapsos

2023

Front. Comput. Sci.

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“…Thus, even if all cargo ships become fully autonomous, passenger ships will still require trained personnel onboard. This further illustrates that seafarers will continue to have critical roles in controlling, maintaining and supervising safety critical systems (Mallam et al, 2020;Mehta et al, 2021), regardless of the perceived benefits (Rice, 2019). Until autonomous systems can fully replace human capabilities and is trustworthy, including being cyber-secure, maritime transportation will require human intervention (Ahvenjärvi, 2016).…”

Section: Situational Awareness Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future of Maritime Autonomy: Cybersecurity, Trust and Mariner’s Situational Awareness

Misas¹,

R²,

Tam³

2022

Preprint

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As technology evolves, the level of automation in the maritime industry grows, and will continue to grow significantly, as the industry strives for fully autonomous vessels. Current maritime operations on board rely on a mixture of automated processes, human decision making, and human interventions. In the future autonomy may lead to the removal of the mariner physically on board, increasing remotely operated vessels. The remote nature of these operations will subject mariners to new operational risks, such as a potential reduction in Situational Awareness (SA) and/or cyber threats. This article will discuss the importance of SA in maritime operations, and the potential challenges facing this when engaging in remote operations. Secondly, this article will discuss the training that mariners may need to navigate within such a remote operational landscape. Lastly, it is fundamental to understand how mariners currently manage higher risk operations (e.g. heavy traffic and port arrival/departure), and how this will change with the introduction of remote operations.

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The role of onboard experiencescape and social interaction in the formation of ferry passengers’ emotions

Pantouvakis

Gerou

2023

WMU J Marit Affairs

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Are passengers willing to ride on autonomous cruise-ships?

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Ships without crews: IMO and UK responses to cybersecurity, technology, law and regulation of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS)

Ships without crews: IMO and UK responses to cybersecurity, technology, law and regulation of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS)

Future of Maritime Autonomy: Cybersecurity, Trust and Mariner’s Situational Awareness

The role of onboard experiencescape and social interaction in the formation of ferry passengers’ emotions

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