2019
DOI: 10.3390/su12010032
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Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Abstract: As the title suggests, the sustainability of personal electric vehicles is in question. In terms of life span, range, comfort, and safety, electric vehicles, such as e-cars and e-buses, are much better than personal electric vehicles, such as e-bikes. However, electric vehicles present greater costs and increased energy consumption. Also, the impact on environment, health, and fitness is more negative than that of personal electric vehicles. Since transportation vehicles can benefit from hybrid electric storag… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…We used Euler Bernoulli straight beams to approximate the components of the catenary system. In this paper, the motion equation of the catenary presented in [45,46] was improved without considering the impact force of the positioning device to obtain the motion equation of the contact wire (1) and the motion equation of the bearing cable (2), which adapts to the complexity of the running road conditions of the trolley wire overhead electrically actuated LHD.…”
Section: Finite Element Model Of the Catenary System In The Pantograpmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We used Euler Bernoulli straight beams to approximate the components of the catenary system. In this paper, the motion equation of the catenary presented in [45,46] was improved without considering the impact force of the positioning device to obtain the motion equation of the contact wire (1) and the motion equation of the bearing cable (2), which adapts to the complexity of the running road conditions of the trolley wire overhead electrically actuated LHD.…”
Section: Finite Element Model Of the Catenary System In The Pantograpmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, traditional scrapers use diesel engines for power [1]. Due to the large amount of energy consumption, closed working environment, and limited ventilation conditions, the emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides produced by the traditional fuel LHD can cause great damage to the underground environment and human health [2][3][4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…E-bikes are bikes equipped with a small electrical engine that supports the bikers in their effort without substituting them in pedaling. They are widely appreciated and are becoming increasingly widespread as they have turned out to be useful not only for the single biker, but also to the environment because of their positive contribution to mobility and sustainability [1].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is a conversion kit that turns a classic bike into electric hybrid. In this way, the bike keeps the primary characteristics and has an additional ability of electric drive [7,8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%