“…Similarly, in their literature search of grant peer review, Guthrie et al (2017) found relatively strong evidence for anti-innovation bias. journals may hinder the development of a robust body of knowledge (Dunleavy, 2021), by introducing false, misleading, unverified, or otherwise unjustified claims into the scholarly literature (Akça & Akbulut, 2021;Akerlof & Michaillat, 2019;Ioannidis, 2016;Smaldino & McElreath, 2016). The offshoot of these differences, however, is that journals can, in principle, be appraised and contrasted in accordance to how well they function in their role as gatekeepers.…”