Are sackungen diagnostic features of (de)glaciated mountains?

Pánek, Tomáš; Mentlík, Pavel; Ditchburn, Bob G.; Zondervan, Albert; Norton, Kevin; Hrádecký, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.022

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Instead, surface deformation in the distal parts is envisioned to consist of an indiscernible outward bulge created by slide movement involving a thick zone of distributed shear. This style of landslide kinematics has been recognized on tall, steep mountain slopes throughout the world and is commonly referred to as "sackung" (Pánek et al, 2015) or, less commonly, "mountain slope deformation" (Hungr et al, 2014). Sackungen (plural for sackung) involve large-scale sagging of mountain slopes above a zone of deep-seated shear (Pánek et al, 2015).…”

Section: Haleakala Northeast Flank Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This style of landslide kinematics has been recognized on tall, steep mountain slopes throughout the world and is commonly referred to as "sackung" (Pánek et al, 2015) or, less commonly, "mountain slope deformation" (Hungr et al, 2014). Sackungen (plural for sackung) involve large-scale sagging of mountain slopes above a zone of deep-seated shear (Pánek et al, 2015). Surficial pull-apart structures observed at known sackung sites vary, but they usually consist of features such as uphill-and/or downhill-facing scarps, ridge troughs (graben), and closed depressions (Pánek et al, 2015), all of which commonly occur at or near ridge tops.…”

Section: Haleakala Northeast Flank Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Landslide hypothesis for the origin of Haleakala volcano's crater and great valleys, Hawaii

Bishop

2021

Geosphere

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Active Haleakala volcano on the island of Maui is the second largest volcano in the Hawaiian Island chain. Prominently incised in Haleakala's slopes are four large (great) valleys. Haleakala Crater, a prominent summit depression, formed by coalescence of two of the great valleys. The great valleys and summit crater have long been attributed solely to fluvial erosion, but two significant enigmas exist in the theory. First, the great valleys of upper Keanae/Koolau Gap, Haleakala Crater, and Kaupo Gap are located in areas of relatively low annual rainfall. Second, the axes of some valley segments are oblique for long distances across the volcanic slopes. This study tested the prevailing erosional theory by reconstructing the volcano's topography just prior to valley incision. The reconstruction produces a belt along the volcano's east rift zone with a morphology that is inconsistent with volcanic aggradation alone, but it is readily explained if it is assumed the surface was displaced along scarps formed by a giant landslide on Haleakala's northeastern flank. Although the landslide head location is well defined, topographic evidence is lacking for the toe and lateral margins. Consequently, the slope failure is interpreted as a sackung-style landslide with a zone of deep-seated distributed shear and broad surface warping downslope of the failure head. Maximum downslope displacement was likely in the range of 400–800 m. Capture of runoff at the headscarps formed atypically large streams that carved Haleakala's great valleys and explains their existence in low-rainfall areas and their slope-oblique orientations. Sackung-style landslides may be more prevalent on Hawaiian volcanoes than previously recognized.

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Section: Haleakala Northeast Flank Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Haleakala Northeast Flank Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide hypothesis for the origin of Haleakala volcano's crater and great valleys, Hawaii

Bishop

2021

Geosphere

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“…One of such significant morphological forma are the ridgetop trenches (double crest forms), known from the Western Tatras, are supposed to be the structures related to the neo-tectonic morphological processes (e.g. Jaroszewski, 1965;Alexandrowicz and Alexandrowicz, 1988;Kromuszczyńska and Mege, 2014;Pánek et al, 2015). Longitudinal recesses along the ridges and crests are common and similar trenches can also occur on the highly inclined slopes.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of the deep seated geological structures on the landscape morphology of the Dunajec River catchment area, Central Carpathians, Poland and Slovakia

Wołosiewicz

2018

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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The area of the Dunajec river basin includes several geological units in the Central Carpathian region at the Polish-Slovakian borderland. The paper focuses on the geomorphometric parameters of the drainage system to recognize the influence of the deep seated geological structures on the morphology of the Dunajec river basin (Central Carpathians). The study were enriched with analysis of the geological maps and lineaments extracted from Digital Elevation Model. According to the obtained results, the massive NW-SE trending fault zones play a vital role in the geological architecture of the researched area. The development of the secondary fault structures has been determined by these dislocations and the manifestation of their activity can be observed as deformations of some of the other tectonic structures along the main fault zones, especially at the folds’ axes. Additionally, the geometric and morphometric features of the drainage system have also been influenced by the activity of these deep structures. The tectonic activity represented by the level of morphological rejuvenation, visible in the light of the morphometric parameters of the streams and the drainage basins, varies greatly between the tectonic units. This diversity is caused by both the lithological and structural features of these geological units.

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“…The origin itself of these landforms is still a matter to be settled completely. DSGSDs have in time been associated with the action of tectonic stress [18,[29][30][31], seismicity [6,14,32,33], groundwater regime and karst processes [20,27,29,34,35], glacial rebound [36][37][38][39], lithology and bedding [18,27,40,41]-usually in combination with each other. The complex interactions between these factors strongly influence further development and behaviour of DSGSDs, which often undergo cycles of dormancy and reactivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Geomorphological Features of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations: A Look to the Role of Lithostructure (N Apennines, Italy)

Mariani

Zerboni

2020

Geosciences

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The attention to deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) has steadily increased in the last few decades, because such features are ubiquitous in mountain areas. Their geomorphological surface expression, especially when related to the effects of lithostructural control in sedimentary stratified bedrocks, is well characterized in theory, but sometimes not as well documented in field cases. In this contribution the investigation of several DSGSDs in the area of the Northern Apennines of Italy is reported. A survey of the area was conducted using fast and low-cost satellite imaging techniques, in order to describe the surface features of selected DSGSDs and verify how their occurrence is linked to the effect of lithostructural constrains such as bedding and folding. Surface features developed in parallel to the strike of the slope are mostly related to the main gravitative strain acting on the deformation. Features along slope dip are instead formed by the release of tension caused by compressive forces at the landslide foot or by the presence of pre-existing weak lines. One example of a DSGSD, formed on the hinge of a vertical fold, shows a corrugated appearance due to the release of vertical fractures that mask most other features usually associated with DSGSDs. This potentially impairs the detection of these landforms during field and remote surveys.

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Are sackungen diagnostic features of (de)glaciated mountains?

Cited by 25 publications

References 127 publications

Landslide hypothesis for the origin of Haleakala volcano's crater and great valleys, Hawaii

Landslide hypothesis for the origin of Haleakala volcano's crater and great valleys, Hawaii

The influence of the deep seated geological structures on the landscape morphology of the Dunajec River catchment area, Central Carpathians, Poland and Slovakia

Surface Geomorphological Features of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations: A Look to the Role of Lithostructure (N Apennines, Italy)

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