Are sickle cell anaemia and sickle cell trait predictive factors for periodontal disease? A cohort study

Moreira

J Clinic Periodontology

et al. 2020

Aim To investigate the association among iron overload, periodontal status, and periodontitis progression rate in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Materials and Methods This case series evaluated 123 patients. Clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD) were evaluated at six sites per tooth. Alveolar bone loss was estimated using periapical radiography. Study outcomes were periodontal status (measured as number of sites with CAL of ≥3 mm, CAL of ≥5 mm, PD of ≥4 mm, and PD of ≥6 mm) and periodontitis progression rate (determined as ratio of alveolar bone loss to age). Serum transferrin saturation and ferritin levels were obtained from medical records. Poisson regression was performed to estimate associations. Covariables included in the adjusted models (comorbidities, skin colour, socioeconomic class, and vaso‐occlusive crisis) were defined by DAGs. Results Serum transferrin saturation level revealed a significant positive association with the number of sites with CAL of ≥3 mm, CAL of ≥5 mm, PD of ≥4 mm, and PD of ≥6 mm. Patients with serum transferrin saturation level of >45% were 1.93 times more likely to have rapid periodontitis progression. Conclusion High serum transferrin saturation level is associated with a greater extent of periodontitis and rapid periodontitis progression in SCA.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Radiographic images were taken on the day when periodontal evaluation was conducted and were analysed by three trained examiners (kappa interexaminer and intraexaminer = 0.83). Radiographs were obtained and processed in a standardized manner as described in a previous study (de Carvalho et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron overload and periodontal status in patients with sickle cell anaemia: A case series

Moreira

J Clinic Periodontology

et al. 2020

“…Similarly, no precedent can be found in the literature on the association between SCT and changes in tooth shape, size and periapex. Although this condition is considered asymptomatic, SCT may be a risk factor for adverse events in certain situations (de Carvalho et al., ; Tsaras et al., ). Evidence shows that individuals with SCT exposed to low oxygen conditions can exhibit changes linked to vaso‐occlusive events similar to those described in SCA (Goldsmith et al., ; Key & Derebail, ), thus increasing the occurrence of dental and bone changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although individuals with SCT are considered asymptomatic, when exposed to low oxygen conditions, they may suffer vaso‐occlusion and potentially present clinical complications similar to SCA (de Carvalho, Thomaz, Alves, & Souza, ; Key & Derebail, ), such as trabecular bone changes (Gillis & West, ). However, population‐based studies that evaluated the associations of SCA and SCT with dental and bone changes were not found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of sickle cell haemoglobinopathies with dental and jaw bone abnormalities

et al. 2017

“…The highlights of these as they may pertain to older patients with SCD will be summarized in this review. Table 6 lists the dental comorbidities described in patients with SCD [106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113]. Caries are the most common dental comorbidity globally and in patients with SCD.…”

Section: Orofacial Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidities in aging patients with sickle cell disease

Ballas

2018

Sickle cell disease (SCD) in general and sickle cell anemia in particular is a highly complex disorder both at the molecular and clinical levels. Although the molecular lesion is a single-point mutation, the sickle gene is pleiotropic in nature causing multiple phenotypic expressions that constitute the various complications of the disease. Moreover, despite the fact that SCD is a chronic malady, its manifestations are both acute and chronic. The former include, among other things, the recurrent vaso-occlusive crises (its hallmark) and acute chest syndrome. The chronic complications include most commonly avascular necrosis and leg ulcers. Currently, survival of patients with SCD has improved dramatically thanks to newborn screening, antibiotic prophylaxis, better vaccine, safer blood transfusion and the use of hydroxyurea. It is the advent of these therapies that improved the survival. This improvement, however, introduced a third dimension of the disease: comorbidities that occur in aging people in the general population. There is concern that the gain in survival may be offset by the comorbidities. Thus it is the purpose of this review to identify the comorbidities in the elderly with SCD and differentiate them from the basis disease to implement proper therapies so that better survival could be maintained.