Are Simple Renal Cysts in Childhood Associated With Kidney Stones?

García‐Nieto, Victor; Negrete-Pedraza, Franciscop; Lopez-Garcia, Marta; Yanes, María I. Luis

doi:10.5812/numonthly.2682

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This finding was in line with a prior study showing that the frequency of kidney stones in the group with RC was twice as high as that in the control group [24]. Genetic and metabolic disturbances in individuals with RC might partially contribute to the increased risk of KSD [25]. Another potential explanation for stone formation in RC patients may be obstruction caused by cysts, albeit it is difficult to tell which caused the obstruction when cysts and stones coexist.…”

Section: Homa2-ir (>1)supporting

confidence: 89%

Sex Differences in Kidney Stone Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2020

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Objectives: To investigate the characteristics of kidney stone disease (KSD) among the Chinese population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and identify sex-specific factors associated with KSD. Methods: A single-center, cross-sectional analysis was performed among Chinese patients with T2DM. KSD was identified by ultrasonography or computed tomography results. Demographic data, physical measurements, laboratory measurements, comorbidities, and related medication data were collected and analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the associated factors. Results: A total of 7,257 patients with T2DM were included in the study, of which 56.1% were male and 15.0% were diagnosed with KSD. The male-to-female ratio for KSD among T2DM patients was 1.35. Among all the T2DM patients, male gender, HOMA2-IR, uric acid, and renal cysts were independent risk factors for KSD development, whereas serum phosphorus and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) were independent protective factors for KSD. Among male diabetic patients, triglycerides, HOMA2-IR, renal cysts, and urinary tract infections were all associated with a greater risk of KSD. In contrast, serum phosphorus was associated with a lower risk of KSD. Among female diabetic patients, systolic blood pressure and HOMA2-B were both contributing factors, and ACEIs acted as a protective factor for KSD. Conclusion: Among Chinese patients with T2DM, approximately 1 in 7 patients was affected by KSD, and the prevalence was twice as high as that in the general Chinese population. The factors associated with KSD varied by sex among T2DM patients. Focusing on these factors is beneficial for reducing the risk of KSD and delaying kidney damage in diabetic patients. ease (ESRD) [1]. A review of epidemiological data from seven countries revealed that the prevalence of KSD varied from 1.7% to 14.8% [2]. The health care costs associated with KSD have also increased to more than USD 10 billion in 2006 in the United States [3]. In addition, the disparity in the prevalence of KSD by sex is gradually disappearing, although KSD has historically been twice as common in men than in women. A study in the United States revealed that the male-female ratio of KSD decreased from 1.7 in 1997 to 1.3 in 2002, which might be ascribed to lifestyle changes [4]. A recent study in China reported that the age-and sex-adjusted prevalence of KSD was 5.8% and the male-female ratio was approximately 1.27 (6.5% in men and 5.1% in women) [5]. The reason for the increase in KSD among women is not clearly understood and may partly result from lifestyle and dietary changes and increasing obesity and treatment for stones [3].Diabetes is a common metabolic disease. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by insulin resistance (IR), accounts for approximately 90-95% of diabetes cases. The number of people with diabetes worldwide has increased sharply from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. The global age-standardized diabetes prevalence has increased from 4....

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Section: Homa2-ir (>1)supporting

confidence: 89%

Sex Differences in Kidney Stone Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2020

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“…Within idiopathic stone formers 42 (19%) were found to have primary renal structural abnormalities, which may promote urine stasis and increase the risk of calculus formation without any other underlying disease [ 38 , 39 ]. Thirty-eight (17%) of idiopathic stone formers were born premature and/or had a history of prolonged immobilisation, which can both provide a known risk factor for nephrolithiasis [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of paediatric renal stone disease: a 22-year single centre experience in the UK

et al. 2017

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BackgroundWhilst still rare, the incidence of paediatric stone disease is increasing in developed countries and it is important to evaluate the aetiology. We set up a dedicated renal stone service for children combining medical and surgical expertise in 1993 and now have a large case series of children to investigate the epidemiology.MethodsA retrospective hospital note review of children presenting with kidney stones during the last 22 years (1993–2015) was conducted. All patients had a comprehensive infective and metabolic screen and were classified as metabolic, infective or idiopathic stone disease.ResultsFive hundred eleven patients (322 male) were reviewed. The median age of presentation was 4.4y for males (1 m-16.6y) and 7.3y (1–18.5y) for females with a median height and weight on the 25th centile for male and on 10th and 25th for female, respectively. One hundred seventy five (34%) had an underlying metabolic abnormality, 112 (22%) had infective stones and 224 (44%) were classified as idiopathic.Of the 175 patients with a metabolic abnormality: 91 (52%) had hypercalciuria (76 persistent and 15 transient), 37 (21%) hyperoxaluria, 38 (22%) cystinuria, 3 (2%) abnormalities in the purine metabolism and the remainder other metabolic abnormalities. Bilateral stones occurred in 27% of the metabolic group compared to 16% in the non-metabolic group (OR 0.2, p < 0.05). Urinary tract infection was a common complication (27%) in the metabolic group.ConclusionsIn this paper, we present the largest cohort of paediatric stone disease reported from a developed country giving details on both, clinical and laboratory data. We show that in the majority of the patients there is an identifiable underlying metabolic and/or infective aetiology emphasizing the importance of a full work up to provide adequate treatment and prevent recurrence. Moreover, we show that stone disease in children, in contrast to the adult population, does not seem to be associated with obesity, as children have a weight below average at presentation.

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“…A previous study of our group [ 16 ] reported an association of TBMD with hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and nephrolithiasis. Interestingly, some studies have reported an association between renal cysts and nephrolithiasis, perhaps as a consequence of intratubular obstruction with crystals [ 17 , 18 ]. However, as shown in Table 4 , we found no relationship between the presence of cysts and nephrolithiasis in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple kidney cysts in thin basement membrane disease with proteinuria and kidney function impairment

Sevillano

Gutiérrez

Morales

et al. 2014

Clinical Kidney Journal

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BackgroundSome patients with thin basement membrane disease (TBMD) develop proteinuria, hypertension and different degrees of CKD, besides the persistent microhaematuria characteristic of the disease. Little is known about factors associated with this unfavourable outcome.MethodsWe reviewed clinical, pathological and radiological features of 32 patients with biopsy-proven TBMD. Patients were divided in two groups: those with persistent normal kidney function and negative or minimal proteinuria (n = 16) and those with persistent proteinuria >0.5 g/day (n = 16).ResultsPatients with proteinuria had a worse kidney function at baseline than those with negative proteinuria. Global or segmental glomerulosclerosis, together with interstitial fibrosis, was found in 37% of patients with proteinuria. All proteinuric patients were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockers. At the end of follow-up (198 months in proteinuric patients and 210 months in patients with negative proteinuria) the prevalence of hypertension was 68% in proteinuric patients (12% at baseline), compared with 12 and 6%, respectively, in non-proteinuric patients. A slow decline of renal function was observed in proteinuric patients, although no patient developed end-stage kidney disease. Ultrasound studies showed bilateral kidney cysts in nine patients (56%) with proteinuria. Cysts were bilateral and countless in six patients, and bilateral but with a limited number of cysts in the three remaining patients. No cysts were found in patients with negative proteinuria.ConclusionsSome patients with TBMD develop hypertension, proteinuria and CKD. Multiple bilateral kidney cysts were found in a majority (56%) of these patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenesis and the influence on long-term outcome of this TBMD-associated multiple kidney cysts.

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Are Simple Renal Cysts in Childhood Associated With Kidney Stones?

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Sex Differences in Kidney Stone Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sex Differences in Kidney Stone Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Epidemiology of paediatric renal stone disease: a 22-year single centre experience in the UK

Multiple kidney cysts in thin basement membrane disease with proteinuria and kidney function impairment

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