Are Social Norms Campaigns Really Magic Bullets? Assessing the Effects of Students' Misperceptions on Drinking Behavior

Campo, Shelly; Brossard, Dominique; Frazer, Marilee; Marchell, Timothy C.; Lewis, Deborah; Talbot, Janis

doi:10.1207/s15327027hc1504_06

Cited by 103 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The lack of significant differences between the degree of misperceptions of men and women is in contrast to previous research, which has found women to have an overall greater degree of misperception than men (e.g., Campo et al, 2003;Korcuska and Thombs, 2003). There are several possible explanations for this.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Normative Beliefs, Misperceptions, and Heavy Episodic Drinking in a British Student Sample

McAlaney

McMahon

2007

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

101

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Normative Beliefs, Misperceptions, and Heavy Episodic Drinking in a British Student Sample

McAlaney

McMahon

2007

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

101

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“…An important and significant body of research uses surveys to elicit ethical norms from individuals, groups or organizations (see for example Schwartz, 1973;Victor and Cullen 1988;Cullen and Bronson 1993;Perkins and Wechsler 1996;Kanazawa and Stil 2001;Campo et al, 2003, Perkins and Wechsler, 1996, Schwartz, 1973, Jones and Kavanagh 1996. 6 While the strength of using a survey is that it can be adapted to ask about norms in different settings for different situations, and do so in a cost-effective manner, this format is not incentive compatible with the revelation of true beliefs or preferences by respondents (Furnham 1986;Friedman and Sunder 1995;Patel 2003;Dunn and Schome 2009;Auger and Devinney 2007;DeJong et al 2010).…”

Section: Related and Existing Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multimethod Approach to Identifying Norms and Normative Expectations Within a Corporate Hierarchy: Evidence from the Financial Services Industry

Burks

Krupka

2012

Management Science

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu This paper presents the results of a field study at a large financial services firm that combines multiple methods, including two economic experiments, to measure ethical norms and their behavioral correlates. Standard survey questions eliciting ethical evaluations of actions in on-thejob ethical dilemmas are transformed into a series of incentivized coordination games in the first experiment. We use the results of this experiment to identify the actual ethical norms for financial adviser behavior held by key personnel -financial advisers and their corporate leaders -in three settings: a clash of incentives between serving the client and earning commissions, a dilemma about fiduciary responsibility to a client, and a dilemma about whistle-blowing on a peer. We also measure the beliefs of financial advisers about the ethical expectations of their corporate leaders and the beliefs of corporate leaders about financial adviser norms. In addition, we ask financial advisers about their personal normative opinions, matching a common methodology in the literature. We find, first, systematic agreements in the normative evaluations across the corporate hierarchy that are consistent with ex ante expectations, but second, we also find some measurable differences between the normative expectations of corporate leaders about on-thejob behavior and the actual norms shared among financial advisers. When there is a normative mismatch across the hierarchy we are able to distinguish miscommunication from ethical disagreement between leaders and employees. Our subjects also report their job satisfaction and take part in a second incentivized experiment in which it is costly to report private information honestly. A last finding is that a mismatch between advisers' personal ethical opinions and corporate norms -especially those of peers -strongly correlates with job dissatisfaction, and less strongly but significantly with the willingness to be dishonest. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYWe use coordination games with cash payoffs as well as standard survey questions to identify the norms financial advisers at a large financial services firm hold about behavior toward their clients. We also measure their beliefs about what their corporate leaders expect, and the actual expectations of those leaders, along with the beliefs of leaders about the ethics of advisers. We find much normative agreement, but also...

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“…Foss et al 2003). Studies have also been criticised on measurement issues (Campo et al 2003). Previous social norms campaigns have often included additional components (Borsari and Carey 2000;Walters 2000).…”

Section: Criticisms Of the Social Norms Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The international development of the ‘Social Norms’ approach to drug education and prevention

McAlaney

Bewick

Hughes

2010

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

127

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The international development of the 'Social Norms' approach to drug education and prevention AbstractThe social norms approach to health promotion has become remarkably popular in the last 20 years, particularly in the American college system. It is an alternative to traditional fear based approaches of health education, which a growing body of research demonstrates is often ineffective in reducing alcohol and drug misuse. The social norms approach differs by recognising that individuals, particularly young adults, tend to overestimate how heavily and frequently their peers consume alcohol, and that these perceptions lead them to drink more heavily themselves than they would otherwise do. Similar misperceptions have been found in a range of other health and non-health behaviours. The social norms approach aims to reduce these misperceptions, and thus personal consumption, through the use of media campaigns and personal feedback. Although the numbers of completed social norms projects outside the USA is small the evidence from them is that the approach can be equally effective in both European and Australian contexts. It is also acknowledged that as an emergent field there are limitations to the current social norms literature. There is a lack of randomised control trial studies, a lack of clarity of the role of referent groups and a need to better understand the processes through which misperceptions are transmitted. However despite these issues the social norms approach represents a new avenue for reducing alcohol and drug related harm and is an area which merits further research.

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Are Social Norms Campaigns Really Magic Bullets? Assessing the Effects of Students' Misperceptions on Drinking Behavior

Cited by 103 publications

References 36 publications

Normative Beliefs, Misperceptions, and Heavy Episodic Drinking in a British Student Sample

Normative Beliefs, Misperceptions, and Heavy Episodic Drinking in a British Student Sample

A Multimethod Approach to Identifying Norms and Normative Expectations Within a Corporate Hierarchy: Evidence from the Financial Services Industry

The international development of the ‘Social Norms’ approach to drug education and prevention

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