Are There M Cells in the Cecal Tonsil of Chickens?

Kato, Akifumi; Hashimoto, Yoshiharu; Kon, Yasuhiro; Sugimura, Makoto

doi:10.1292/jvms.54.999

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…FAE in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens also possess M-like cells that share the characteristic morphological and histochemical features of mammalian M cells [31]. The FAE structures in the chicken are much more diffuse than those seen in humans and perhaps not so developed with respect to antigen uptake [31], [32]. The large secondary lymphoid organs of the chicken gastrointestinal tract, the caecal tonsils, which are thought to be the primary site of bacterial invasion, also contain M-like cells [31], [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Typhimurium has also been reported to cross the epithelium via intra-epithelial dendritic cells [30]. FAE in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens also possess M-like cells that share the characteristic morphological and histochemical features of mammalian M cells [31]. The FAE structures in the chicken are much more diffuse than those seen in humans and perhaps not so developed with respect to antigen uptake [31], [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FAE structures in the chicken are much more diffuse than those seen in humans and perhaps not so developed with respect to antigen uptake [31], [32]. The large secondary lymphoid organs of the chicken gastrointestinal tract, the caecal tonsils, which are thought to be the primary site of bacterial invasion, also contain M-like cells [31], [33]. This is likely the main site of Salmonella invasion for chickens [6], [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Supplementation with Soluble Plantain Non-Starch Polysaccharides Inhibits Intestinal Invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium in the Chicken

et al. 2014

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Soluble fibres (non-starch polysaccharides, NSP) from edible plants but particularly plantain banana (Musa spp.), have been shown in vitro and ex vivo to prevent various enteric pathogens from adhering to, or translocating across, the human intestinal epithelium, a property that we have termed contrabiotic. Here we report that dietary plantain fibre prevents invasion of the chicken intestinal mucosa by Salmonella. In vivo experiments were performed with chicks fed from hatch on a pellet diet containing soluble plantain NSP (0 to 200 mg/d) and orally infected with S.Typhimurium 4/74 at 8 d of age. Birds were sacrificed 3, 6 and 10 d post-infection. Bacteria were enumerated from liver, spleen and caecal contents. In vitro studies were performed using chicken caecal crypts and porcine intestinal epithelial cells infected with Salmonella enterica serovars following pre-treatment separately with soluble plantain NSP and acidic or neutral polysaccharide fractions of plantain NSP, each compared with saline vehicle. Bacterial adherence and invasion were assessed by gentamicin protection assay. In vivo dietary supplementation with plantain NSP 50 mg/d reduced invasion by S.Typhimurium, as reflected by viable bacterial counts from splenic tissue, by 98.9% (95% CI, 98.1–99.7; P<0.0001). In vitro studies confirmed that plantain NSP (5–10 mg/ml) inhibited adhesion of S.Typhimurium 4/74 to a porcine epithelial cell-line (73% mean inhibition (95% CI, 64–81); P<0.001) and to primary chick caecal crypts (82% mean inhibition (95% CI, 75–90); P<0.001). Adherence inhibition was shown to be mediated via an effect on the epithelial cells and Ussing chamber experiments with ex-vivo human ileal mucosa showed that this effect was associated with increased short circuit current but no change in electrical resistance. The inhibitory activity of plantain NSP lay mainly within the acidic/pectic (homogalacturonan-rich) component. Supplementation of chick feed with plantain NSP was well tolerated and shows promise as a simple approach for reducing invasive salmonellosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Supplementation with Soluble Plantain Non-Starch Polysaccharides Inhibits Intestinal Invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium in the Chicken

et al. 2014

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“…Moreover, some absorptional functions or immune systems may transport much of the virus penetrating the intestinal wall into the systemic circulation. Kato et al [5] demonstrated epithelial cells similar to M cells in the chicken intestine. Since M cells are known to play an important role in transporting viruses from the gastrointestinal tract to the circulatory system [15,16], M cell-like cells may be involved in viral transportation from the gastrointestine to the kidneys in the chick.…”

Section: Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Cloacal Inoculation with the Connecticut Strain of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus: An Attempt to Produce Nephropathogenic Virus by in vivo Passage Using Cloacal Inoculation.

Uenaka

Kishimoto

Uemura

et al. 1998

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain Connecticut A-5968 isolated from respiratory tissue of chickens in USA in the 1960s, is considered as representative of respiratory disease causing IBV strains. Specific pathogen free chicks inoculated with the strain via the cloaca replicated the virus more rapidly in their kidneys than did chicks inoculated with the same virus intratracheally. Virus passaged thirteen-times via the cloaca caused stronger nephrotropism and nephropathogenicity than the parent virus. It is suggested that cloacal inoculation of IBV provides new and interesting information concerning the mechanisms of nephropathogenicity of IBV which has became increasingly important worldwide during the last ten years. -KEY WORDS: avian infectious bronchitis virus, cloacal inoculation, IBV, nephropathogenicity, nephrotropisum.

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“…(1989). In contrast, recent studies concentrate on lectin histochemical investigations on the intestinal lymphoepithelium aiming to find a specific marker for M cells (membranous or microfold cells) (Kato et al., 1992; Jeurissen et al., 1999; Kitagawa et al., 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lectin Histochemical Investigations of the Distal Gut of Chicks with Special Emphasis on the Follicle‐associated Epithelium

Pohlmeyer¹,

Jörns

Schumacher

et al. 2005

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Carbohydrates on epithelial cell surfaces play an important role as attachment sites for different microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and protozoa. To obtain more information about the distribution of carbohydrates on the luminal surface along the intestine, lectin histochemical studies on different gut segments of chicks of different age groups were carried out using a panel of 13 lectins with specificities for Man, Glc, Gal, GalNAc, GlcNAc or GlcNAc oligosaccharides and Sia. Furthermore, we tried to find out whether previously reported specificities of certain lectins for M cells (membranous or multifold cells) in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) can be observed also on M cells of the intestine. As a result we were able to demonstrate binding of all lectins employed in these studies in all investigated gut segments. In some cases, the application of the same lectin led to varying staining intensities of the same histological structures in different age-groups (e.g. staining of the brush border with WGA, LEA, MAA or Conarva) or different gut segments (e.g. staining of goblet cells with CMA II, LEA and MPA). Hence, terminal carbohydrate residues of glycoconjugates on the intestinal epithelium vary depending on age and organ site. As glycoconjugates can act as attachment sites for microorganisms, these differences in the distribution of sugar residues may be one explanation for the site-specificity of certain pathogens. Furthermore, the binding of lectins to the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of the BF differs from that to the FAE of the intestine again stressing the site specificity of lectin binding. Thus, up to now no universal M-cell marker along the chicken intestine exists.

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Are There M Cells in the Cecal Tonsil of Chickens?

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Dietary Supplementation with Soluble Plantain Non-Starch Polysaccharides Inhibits Intestinal Invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium in the Chicken

Dietary Supplementation with Soluble Plantain Non-Starch Polysaccharides Inhibits Intestinal Invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium in the Chicken

Cloacal Inoculation with the Connecticut Strain of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus: An Attempt to Produce Nephropathogenic Virus by in vivo Passage Using Cloacal Inoculation.

Lectin Histochemical Investigations of the Distal Gut of Chicks with Special Emphasis on the Follicle‐associated Epithelium

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