Are “they” out to get me? A social identity model of paranoia

Greenaway, Katharine H.; Haslam, S. Alexander; Bingley, William John

doi:10.1177/1368430218793190

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with the proposition that social group belonging is related to paranoia, the 'Social Cure' model of mental health posits that people who belong to and identify with positive and meaningful groups (social identification) experience better mental health outcomes (Jetten, Haslam, & Alexander, 2012). Research on the social cure suggests that social identities protect people from several mental health symptoms, including paranoia (Greenaway et al, 2018;McIntyre, Wickham, Barr, & Bentall, 2017;Sani, Wakefield, Herrera, & Zeybek, 2017). There is also evidence that social group membership might be associated with the prevalence of paranoia in the community.…”

Section: Social Identity and Paranoia In Ethnic Minority Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on the social cure suggests that social identities protect people from several mental health symptoms, including paranoia (Greenaway et al. , 2018; McIntyre, Wickham, Barr, & Bentall, 2017; Sani, Wakefield, Herrera, & Zeybek, 2017). There is also evidence that social group membership might be associated with the prevalence of paranoia in the community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between ingroup identity and Paranoid ideation among people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds

et al. 2019

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Objectives: People from ethnic minority groups experience higher rates of paranoid delusions compared with people from ethnic majority groups. Identifying with social groups has been shown to protect against mental health symptoms; however, no studies have investigated the relationship between social identification and paranoia in ethnic minority populations. Here, we investigated the association between British identification and paranoia in a sample of people from African and African-Caribbean backgrounds living in the United Kingdom. We also assessed the role of potential mediating (self-esteem and locus of control) and moderating (contact with White British people) factors. Design: Cross-sectional quantitative survey design. Methods: We recruited 335 people from African and African-Caribbean backgrounds who completed on-line self-report measures of identification with Great Britain, self-esteem, locus of control, positive and negative contact with White British people, and paranoia. Results: A parallel moderated mediation model indicated that British identification was associated with lower paranoia when participants experienced primarily positive contact with White British people. British identification was associated with higher paranoia when participants had primarily negative contact with White British people. Both effects were mediated by changes in locus of control, but self-esteem was not implicated in either pathway. Conclusions: Identification with the majority culture is associated both positively and negatively with paranoid beliefs depending on the types of social interactions people experience. The findings have implications for preventative social prescribing initiatives and for understanding the causes of the high rates of psychosis in ethnic minority populations.

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Section: Social Identity and Paranoia In Ethnic Minority Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between ingroup identity and Paranoid ideation among people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds

et al. 2019

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“…There is some evidence indicating that the relationship between loneliness and paranoia is mediated by the lack of interpersonal trust (Lamster, Lincoln, et al, 2017a). Furthermore, current models of paranoia stress the role of the sense of belonging (McIntyre et al, 2018) and of social identity (Greenaway et al, 2019), pointing out that these social constructs can be protective factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-item loneliness scale: psychometric properties and normative data of the Spanish version

et al. 2021

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Loneliness is a common social phenomenon across countries with negative effects in health. Thus, the measurement of loneliness is of paramount importance. The Three-Item Loneliness Scale (TILS) was designed to be used in large-population surveys as a quick measure of loneliness. The aim of this study is to provide a Spanish validation of the TILS. A representative sample of the Spanish population (N = 1951) was used. We analysed the psychometric properties, factor structure, and distribution demographics characteristics of the Spanish TILS. Analyses showed differences regarding age, gender, educational level, employment status, household composition and annual gross income in line with previous literature. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a unifactorial structure, with significant moderate correlations between the TILS and depression, anxiety, paranoia and wellbeing, and mild significant correlations with belongingness and mistrust. The internal consistency of the Spanish TILS was good (α = 0.82). Our study indicates that the TILS is a valid and reliable measure of loneliness in the Spanish population. Loneliness is a modern epidemic and a precursor of mental and health problems that reduced the quality of life. Therefore, it is important to have reliable measures of this phenomenon.

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“… 115 In addition, the stigma attached to other identities may leave people vulnerable to poorer mental health and paranoia. 116 , 117 For example, research among Black Britons found that identifying more with their racial identity was associated with higher levels of paranoia if their interactions with White Britons were mostly negative. 118 This suggests that when individuals have a stigmatized identity, experiences of prejudice and discrimination related to that identity can result in mental distress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the SIA, researchers have found that identifying more strongly with a group (specifically: family, nationality, and neighborhood groups) is linked to fewer paranoid feelings. 116 , 117 , 147 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Identity Changes in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

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McNamee

Gupta

et al. 2020

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Background and Objective Experiencing psychosis can be associated with changes in how people see themselves as individuals and in relation to others (ie, changes in their identity). However, identity changes receive little attention in treatment, possibly due to a lack of clarity or consensus around what identity change means in people with psychosis. We aimed to create a conceptual framework synthesizing how identity changes are understood in the psychosis literature. Methods Electronic databases were searched up to April 2020. Studies about identity changes among people with psychotic disorders were analyzed using narrative synthesis by a collaborative review team, including researchers from different disciplines, clinicians, and people who have experienced psychosis. Results Of 10 389 studies screened, 59 were eligible. Identity changes are understood in 5 ways as (1) characteristics of psychosis, (2) consequences of altered cognitive functioning, (3) consequences of internalized stigma, (4) consequences of lost roles and relationships, and (5) reflections of personal growth. These 5 understandings are not mutually exclusive. Across a heterogeneous literature, identity changes were mostly framed in terms of loss. Conclusions Our conceptual framework, comprising 5 understandings, highlights the complexity of studying identity changes and suggests important implications for practice and research. For clinicians, this framework can inform new therapeutic approaches where the experience and impact of identity changes are acknowledged and addressed as part of treatment. For researchers, the conceptual framework offers a way of locating their understandings of identity changes when undertaking research in this area.

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Are “they” out to get me? A social identity model of paranoia

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

The relationship between ingroup identity and Paranoid ideation among people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds

The relationship between ingroup identity and Paranoid ideation among people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds

Three-item loneliness scale: psychometric properties and normative data of the Spanish version

Understanding Identity Changes in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

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