Are typical radiators over-dimensioned? An analysis of radiator dimensions in 1645 Danish houses

Østergaard, Dorte Skaarup; Svendsen, Svend

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.08.035

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The room heat loads, nominal heat output of radiators, and system oversizing values are listed in Table 3. The oversizing values in this study agree with the median oversizing values from one investigation research, which is range from 15% to 25% [33] .…”

Section: Space Heating System Modelsupporting

confidence: 89%

Operation strategies to achieve low supply and return temperature in district heating system

Nord

2019

E3S Web Conf.

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Low temperature is the most significant feature of the future district heating (DH) - the 4th generation district heating (4GDH). The revolutionary temperature level (50–55/25°C) will improve the efficiency of heat sources, thermal storages, and distribution systems, meanwhile, bring huge potentials to renewable energies. One challenge of transition to the future DH is the compatibility of current customer installations and the future temperature level. The aim of this study was to find the temperature potential of Norwegian residential buildings for the future DH system. A reference apartment was created, and typical space heating (SH) system was designed. A detailed building and SH system model were built in Modelica® language, and simulation was conducted via Dymola environment. Different operation strategies: PI control of the supply temperature, weather compensated control of the supply temperature, and PI control of the return temperature were tested. The results of the study showed the average supply temperature could be as low as 56~58°C, and only limited time the temperature was above 60 °C, when the controlled supply temperature strategies were applied. For the case with controlled return temperature strategies, the average return temperature were 30 and 37°C, while the average required supply temperature could be 72 and 94°C. The conclusion was that the low supply temperature could be achieved through optimized operation strategies. Whereas, the low return temperature was not able to be achieved only by improving the operation strategy.

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Section: Space Heating System Modelsupporting

confidence: 89%

Operation strategies to achieve low supply and return temperature in district heating system

Nord

2019

E3S Web Conf.

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“…There are different technical solutions that can be used for heat distribution in low-temperature hydronic heating systems where radiators and floor-heating, or a combination of both, are the most common in Sweden. Several studies points out the possibilities of using existing radiators in buildings with decreased supply temperature [16,21]. Intentional over-dimensioning of radiators has been a practice for a long time and the unused capacity can in many cases be used to decrease the system temperatures even in a building that is not additionally insulated or in any other way has improved its energy performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Domestic Hot Water Systems on District Heating Temperatures

2019

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When buildings become more energy effective, the temperature levels of district heating systems need to be lower to decrease the losses from the distribution system and to keep district heating a competitive alternative on the heating market. For this reason, buildings that are refurbished need to be adapted to suit low-temperature district heating. The aim of this paper is to examine whether four different energy refurbishment packages (ERPs) can be used for lowering the temperature need of a multi-family buildings space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) system as well as to analyse the impact of the DHW circulation system on the return temperature. The results show that for all ERPs examined in this study, the space heating supply temperature agreed well with the temperature levels of a low-temperature district heating system. The results show that the temperature need of the DHW system will determine the supply temperature of the district heating system. In addition, the amount of days with heating demand decreases for all ERPs, which further increases the influence of the DHW system on the district heating system. In conclusion, the DHW system needs to be improved to enable the temperature levels of a low-temperature district heating system.

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“…m unc. ), the return temperature (T r ) from every radiator and the overall return temperature of the system are calculated by using Equation (13).…”

Section: Stepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing buildings will remain the major part of the building stock in the future due to the lifetime of buildings. According to literature, [2,8,[11][12][13], it is possible to operate the SH systems of existing buildings with low supply temperatures during most of the year. The SH systems in existing buildings are generally dimensioned for ambient temperatures that only rarely occur, and they are large enough to ensure proper thermal comfort for lower supply temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Control of Radiator Heating Systems with Thermostatic Radiator Valves without Pre-Setting Function

et al. 2019

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Low-temperature district heating will play an important role in a future free of fossil fuels. This will only be able to be realized through the low-temperature operation of heating systems in existing buildings. Existing radiator systems can operate with low temperatures for most of the year because they are designed for extremely cold days, but errors have to be corrected and the control of the radiator systems needs to be improved. In this paper, we present a strategy to achieve low-temperature operation from the radiator system of a multi-family building in Denmark without a pre-setting function in the thermostatic radiator valves. The strategy is based on operating the system with a combination of a minimum supply temperature and small temperature differences over the radiators. The operation of the system is analyzed through a thermal-hydraulic model. A minimum supply temperature weather compensation curve was calculated and implemented in the central supply temperature control. Return temperature measurements in the substation, the risers, and several critical radiators were performed before and after the implementation of the strategy. The measurements confirm that a lower supply temperature results in a reduction of the return temperature. However, the system operator needs to be supported by a tool package to correctly maintain the system’s operation.

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Are typical radiators over-dimensioned? An analysis of radiator dimensions in 1645 Danish houses

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Operation strategies to achieve low supply and return temperature in district heating system

Operation strategies to achieve low supply and return temperature in district heating system

Impact of Domestic Hot Water Systems on District Heating Temperatures

Improved Control of Radiator Heating Systems with Thermostatic Radiator Valves without Pre-Setting Function

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