Are we eating more than we think? Illegitimate signaling and xenohormesis as participants in the pathogenesis of obesity

Yun, Anthony J.; Lee, Patrick Y.; Doux, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.11.022

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This illegitimate signal may be adaptive, in that it leads to energy conservation and weight gain for protection and survival under adverse conditions (Howard et al, 2004; Sanchez-Munoz, Garcia-Macedo, Alcon-Aguilar, & Cruz, 2005). However, atherosclerosis may develop because of chronic stress signals that overstimulate the sympathetic nervous system, causing regional fat accumulation in arterial adventitia (Yun, Lee, & Doux, 2006). Chronic stress contributes to depressed mood, immune dysfunction, and ultimately, T2DM and coronary heart disease (Lundberg & Frankenhaeuser, 1999; Vanitallie, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Complexity of Cardiometabolic Risk in Women

Robins

McCain

Elswick

2011

Biological Research For Nursing

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Women are more likely than men to present with advanced disease and experience higher CVD-related morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CVD. Abdominal adiposity, a component of metabolic syndrome, is associated with insulin resistance and promotes an atherogenic inflammatory milieu. Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) encompasses metabolic syndrome and incorporates other risk factors such as lifestyle choices, gender, and genetics as risk factors for CVD yet still does not include more recently recognized physiological risk factors such as vitamin D deficiency or psychosocial risk factors such as perceived stress and lack of social support. Because a more comprehensive view of CVD risk factors may facilitate earlier identification and risk reduction, we undertook this exploratory pilot study to answer the question, How do healthy women with and without abdominal adiposity differ physiologically and psychosocially?. We recruited a total of 41 women for a single study visit and assessed a battery of baseline physiological and psychological measures. While the women in this study were free of any diagnoses associated with increased CMR, women with increased waist circumference (WC) exhibited significantly altered levels of several measures associated with impending CMR including insulin sensitivity, lipids, and adiponectin as well as lower social support. These findings suggest that a more comprehensive conceptualization of and refinement of measures for CMR may be useful for identifying and reducing CMR and ultimately CVD in women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Complexity of Cardiometabolic Risk in Women

Robins

McCain

Elswick

2011

Biological Research For Nursing

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“…Sirtuins [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma [42] Aquaporin-7 (AQP7)**, AQP9** [44][45][46] Glucose transporters [50] Uncoupling proteins [51,52] * See [2-4 and references therein]. ** Discovered firstly by Gheorghe Benga as a water channel protein of plasma membrane of erythrocytes [reviewed in 44], this family of proteins includes today 13 members, AQP-7 and AQP9 being aquaglyceroporins in adipocytes and hepatocytes, respectively.…”

Section: Intracellular Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent data link adipose tissue, nutrition and xenohormesis as pivotally involved in the processes of aging and longevity [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Encouraging results obtained until now include: (i) yeast, worms, flies, and rodents kept on caloric restriction (CR) diet enjoy 60-70 % longer lifespan than those on ad libitum diet [33][34][35], (ii) treatment with resveratrol (3,5,4'-tri-hydroxy-stilbene), a polyphenolic compound present in red grape and wine, stimulates the actvity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histon (or alpha-tubulin) deacetylases termed sirtuins, e.g.…”

Section: Adiponutrigenomics Of Lifespan: Yes Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homo obesus: A Metabotrophin-Deficient Species. Pharmacology and Nutrition Insight

Chaldakov¹,

Fiore²,

Tonchev³

et al. 2007

CPD

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In most countries the prevalence of obesity now exceeds 15%, the figure used by the World Health Organization to define the critical threshold for intervention in nutritional epidemics. Here we describe Homo obesus (man the obese) as a recent phenotypic expression of Homo sapiens. Specifically, we classified Homo obesus as a species deficient of metabotrophic factors (metabotrophins), including endogenous proteins, which play essential role in the maintenance of glucose, lipid, energy and vascular homeostasis, and also improve metabolism-related processes such as inflammation and wound healing. Here we propose that pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and xenohormetics targeting transcriptional, secretory and/or signaling pathways of metabotrophins, particularly adiponectin, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin-10, and sirtuins, might be new tools for therapy of Homo obesus. Brief comment is also given to (i) exogenous metabotrophic agents represented by various classes of drugs, and (ii) adiponutrigenomics of lifespan.

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Section: Adiponutrigenomics Of Lifespan: Yes Sir!mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent data may join adipobiology (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) and nutritional genomics, including xenohormesis (26,27), in the processes of ageing and lifespan (28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Encoraging results obtained until now include (26)(27)(28)(29)(30): (i) yeast, worms, flies, rodents or humans kept on caloric restriction diet enjoy healthy longevity (26)(27)(28)(29)(30), (ii) treatment with resveratrol, a xenohormetic molecule of polyphenol nature, extends lifespan of treated animals via stimulation of the actvity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ deacetylases, e.g. adipose-specific, inner mitochondrial membrane protein, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3, named after the gene Sir, silent information regulator) (31,32 for Alzheimer's disease treatment), (iii) caloric restriction-induced increase in lifespan is accompanied by elevated brain levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (33; 34-36 for both BDNF and nerve growth factor, NGF), (v) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase circulating levels of adiponectin (37), an "anti-kine" (38), that is, adipokine with antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic effects (reviewed in 15,18), and, noteworthy, (v) resveratrol mimics caloric restriction's effects, thus promising a (charming) chance for Homo besus to enjoy both weight loss and pleasure of eating (and drinking).…”

Section: Adiponutrigenomics Of Lifespan: Yes Sir!mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenomics: DNA-based individualized nutrition

et al. 2006

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In the past decade, nutrition research has undergone an important shift from epidemiology and physiology to molecular biology, adipobiology and genetics, thus launching the science of nutrigenomics. To at molecular level study effects of nutrition on health and disease. The completion of several large genome projects has markedly altered the research agenda by drawing attention to the importance of genes in human nutrition. There has been a growing recognition that micronutrients and macronutrients can be potent dietary signals that influence the metabolic pathways of cells and have an important role in the control of energy, vascular and neuronal homeostasis. Accordingly, nutrition researchers have increasingly started to recognize that gene-environment interactions can be implicated in the pathogenesis of lifestyle-related diseases, particularly cardiometabolic diseases, fatty liver diseases, cancers, and Alzheimer' disease. An adiponutrigenomic insight into life expectancy is also outlined. Overall, the present Dance Round focuses on a mater of nationwide importance for Bulgaria, a country at the epicenter of today's global healthquake, the obesity and related diseases.

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Are we eating more than we think? Illegitimate signaling and xenohormesis as participants in the pathogenesis of obesity

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Exploring the Complexity of Cardiometabolic Risk in Women

Exploring the Complexity of Cardiometabolic Risk in Women

Homo obesus: A Metabotrophin-Deficient Species. Pharmacology and Nutrition Insight

Nutrigenomics: DNA-based individualized nutrition

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