Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) and AVP-Like Immunoreactivity in Peripheral Tissues

Clements, Judith A.; Funder, John W.

doi:10.1210/edrv-7-4-449

Cited by 64 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…AVP-like immunoreactivity has been demonstrated in blood vessels, so it is possible that OPC-21268 acts at the tissue level to inhibit the effect of locally produced AVP. 22 Alternatively, peripherally administered OPC-21268 may have effects within the central nervous system to modulate BP. The permeability of the bloodbrain barrier to oral OPC-21268 is not known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure-lowering effect of an orally active vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist in mineralocorticoid hypertension in the rat.

et al. 1994

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We studied the contribution of vasopressin to the maintenance of high blood pressure in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension in the rat using the nonpeptide orally effective vasopressin VI receptor antagonist OPC-21268. Binding kinetic studies demonstrated that oral OPC-21268 (30 mg/kg) acted as a competitive antagonist at the vasopressin VI receptor in DOCA-salt and salt control rats. Basal mean intra-arterial blood pressure was 140±4 mmHg (n=12) in DOCA-salt rats compared with 111±2 mm Hg in salt control rats (n=18). Acute oral OPC-21268 (30 mg/kg) significantly (P<.01) reduced mean intra-arterial pressure in DOCA-salt hypertension, with an average maximal decrease of 24±3 mm Hg occurring at 2.5±0.7 hours after dosing. Systolic blood pressure (tail-cuff) in DOCA-salt rats was 178±2 mm Hg. Chronic oral OPC-21268 (30 mg/kg) twice daily for 7 days significantly (P<.01) reduced systolic blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertension, with an average maximal S everal lines of evidence support a role for arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the development and maintenance of high blood pressure (BP) in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt model of hypertension in the rat. Studies in the Brattleboro rat, which is homozygous for hypothalamic diabetes insipidus and unable to synthesize functional AVP, provide indirect evidence for a role of AVP in the pathogenesis of DOCA-salt hypertension. These rats failed to develop hypertension when treated with DOCA and salt unless also treated with exogenous AVP 1 or desamino-D-arginine-8-vasopressin (dDAVP), a V2 agonist with minimal pressor and increased antidiuretic activity.2 A direct vasopressor role for AVP in the maintenance of hypertension in the DOCA-salt hypertension model is suggested by the finding of elevated plasma AVP levels and a fall in BP with intravenous administration of AVP antiserum 3 or VI receptor antagonist. 4-5 However, other investigators failed to demonstrate a reduction in BP with acute VI receptor blockade 68 or showed a reduction in BP with acute V2 or acute or chronic V1-V2 receptor antagonism 910 in DOCA-salt hypertension. Thus, the pressor roles of AVP and/or the VI and V2 AVP receptors in both the pathogenesis and maintenance of hypertension in DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat remain unclear.Received August 9,1993; accepted in revised form February 23, 1994.From the University of Melbourne (Australia), Austin Hospital. Correspondence to Dr Louise M. Burrell, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Studley Rd, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia. decrease of 27±5 mm Hg. The antihypertensive effect was reversed 5 days after treatment with OPC-21268 was stopped. In water control rats basal systolic pressure (120±l mm Hg, n=20) was unchanged by chronic oral OPC-21268 (30 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days), and this was confirmed by direct measurement of mean intra-arterial pressure. After chronic oral OPC-21268 (30 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days) hepatic VI receptor binding was significantly reduced for up to 10 hours (P<.05). The r...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure-lowering effect of an orally active vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist in mineralocorticoid hypertension in the rat.

et al. 1994

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“…AVP and OT are produced from larger precursor proteins, prepro-AVP and prepro-OT, respectively (4,286). Prepro-AVP is cleaved in the secretory granules to produce a signal peptide of 19 amino acids, a nonapeptide AVP, neurophysin 2, and copeptin, whereas prepro-OT is processed to OT and neurophysin 1 (73,92). Neurophysins work as carrier proteins for AVP and OT, whereas copeptin is a glycoprotein with no defined functionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasopressin V1a and V1b Receptors: From Molecules to Physiological Systems

Koshimizu

Nakamura

Egashira

et al. 2012

Physiological Reviews

334

297

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The neurohypophysial hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) is essential for a wide range of physiological functions, including water reabsorption, cardiovascular homeostasis, hormone secretion, and social behavior. These and other actions of AVP are mediated by at least three distinct receptor subtypes: V1a, V1b, and V2. Although the antidiuretic action of AVP and V2 receptor in renal distal tubules and collecting ducts is relatively well understood, recent years have seen an increasing understanding of the physiological roles of V1a and V1b receptors. The V1a receptor is originally found in the vascular smooth muscle and the V1b receptor in the anterior pituitary. Deletion of V1a or V1b receptor genes in mice revealed that the contributions of these receptors extend far beyond cardiovascular or hormone-secreting functions. Together with extensively developed pharmacological tools, genetically altered rodent models have advanced the understanding of a variety of AVP systems. Our report reviews the findings in this important field by covering a wide range of research, from the molecular physiology of V1a and V1b receptors to studies on whole animals, including gene knockout/knockdown studies.

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“…Neurotensin-like immunoreativity (LI) and somatostatin-LI have been identified and biochemically characterized in the chicken thymus (18). Oxytocin (OT)-LI and neurophysin-LI have also been described in the human thymus (19), while vasopressin (VP)-LI has been characterized in murine and rat thymus (20,21). Evidence for an intrathymic expression of these peptides has been obtained by positive hybridization in dot blot assays of thymic mRNA using OT and VP cDNA probes (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Preprotachykinin-A and Neuropeptide-Y Messenger RNA in the Thymus

Ericsson

Geenen

Robert

et al. 1990

Molecular Endocrinology

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The preprotachykinin-A gene, the common gene of mRNAs encoding both substance-P (SP) and neurokinin-A (NKA), was shown to be expressed in Sprague-Dawley rat thymus by detection of specific mRNA in gel-blot analyses. In situ hybridization revealed dispersed PPT-A-labeled cells in sections from rat thymus, with a concentration of grains over a subpopulation of cells in the thymic medulla. Also, neuropeptide-Y mRNA-expressing cells were found in the rat thymus, primarily in the thymic medulla. Rat thymic extracts contained SP-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI), and the major part of the immunoreactivity coeluted with authentic SP and SP sulfoxide standards. SP-LI was also detected in human thymus, which contained between 0.09-0.88 ng SP-LI/g wet wt. Evidence for translation of preprotachykinin-A mRNA in the rat thymus was obtained from the demonstration of NKA-LI in thymic cells with an epithelial-like cell morphology. Combined with previous observations on the immunoregulatory roles of tachykinin peptides and the existence of specific receptors on immunocompetent cells, the demonstration of intrathymic synthesis of NKA suggests a role for NKA-LI peptides in T-cell differentiation in the thymus.

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Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) and AVP-Like Immunoreactivity in Peripheral Tissues

Cited by 64 publications

References 126 publications

Blood pressure-lowering effect of an orally active vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist in mineralocorticoid hypertension in the rat.

Blood pressure-lowering effect of an orally active vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist in mineralocorticoid hypertension in the rat.

Vasopressin V1a and V1b Receptors: From Molecules to Physiological Systems

Expression of Preprotachykinin-A and Neuropeptide-Y Messenger RNA in the Thymus

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