Arginine vasopressin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is transferred to the nucleus raphe magnus to participate in pain modulation

The role of arginine vasopressin in electroacupuncture treatment of primary sciatica in human

“…Pain stimulation also increased AVP concentration in PAG, NRM or CdN perfusion liquid, which was related with pain modulation in rats (Yang et al, 2006b(Yang et al, , 2006d. The noxious stimulation enhanced the PVN synthesis and secretion of AVP (Yang et al, 2006d), which was transferred to other nervous structures, such as PAG (Yang et al, 2007a), NRM (Yang et al, 2006b(Yang et al, , 2009c and CdN (Yang et al, 2006a) to regulate the pain process in rats. Our study also suggested that the brain AVP, which was delivered through the olfactory region, could treat human headache, depending on (1) AVP concentration in both plasma and CSF which increased significantly in headache patients, who related with the headache level; (2) there was a positive correlation between plasma and CSF AVP concentration in headache patients; and (3) intranasal AVP relieved the human headache in a dosedependent manner (Yang et al, 2012).…”

“…Our previous rat experiments have proved that ① The brain, not the spinal cord and peripheral AVP could regulate pain; ② AVP that regulated pain was synthesized and released in the PVN, not SON; ③ AVP in the PVN was transported to the PAG, NRM and CdN; ④ AVP in the PAG enhanced the synthesis of leucine-enkephalin (L-Ek), methionineenkephalin (M-Ek) and β-endorphin (β-Ep) rather than dynorphin A 1-13 (DynA 1-13 ); ⑤ AVP induced the serotonin (5-HT) release in the NRM and the acetylcholine (Ach) release in the CdN; and ⑥ 5-HT and Ach in the spinal cord could influence the endogenous opiate peptides to regulate pain (Yang et al, 2006a(Yang et al, , 2006b(Yang et al, , 2006c(Yang et al, , 2006d(Yang et al, , 2006e, 2006f, 2007a(Yang et al, , 2007b(Yang et al, , 2007c(Yang et al, , 2008(Yang et al, , 2009a(Yang et al, , 2009b(Yang et al, , 2009cWang et al, 2010). The law of intranasal AVP treatment of migraine was worked out in the multi-center clinical studies.…”

“…secretion of the endogenous opiate peptides including leucineenkephalin, methionine-enkephalin, β-endorphin and dynorphin A 1-13 (Yang et al, 2006c(Yang et al, , 2006f, 2007c, induced the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) release of serotonin (5-HT) (Yang et al, 2009b(Yang et al, , 2009c and the caudate nucleus (CdN) released of acetylcholine (Ach) (Wang et al, 2010), which participate in pain modulation in rats. It may be the neurobiological mechanism of AVP which takes part in the electroacupuncture relieving the pain sensation in primary sciatica patients.…”

The Heart as a Target of Vasopressin and Other Cardiovascular Peptides in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Pain belongs to non-osmotic factors potently stimulating the release of AVP [74]. Exposure to pain elevates AVP content in perfusates of the PVN and of some other brain structures involved in the regulation of pain (e.g., the periaqueductal gray-PAG; the raphe nuclei; the caudate nucleus-CdN) [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. On the other hand, systemic, intraventricular, intrathecal or topical application of this peptide into specific regions of the brain alleviates pain [72,[80][81][82][83][84]].…”