ARIEL: an ESA M4 mission candidate

Puig, L.; Pilbratt, G. L.; Heske, A.; Sanz, I. Escudero; Crouzet, P.-E.

doi:10.1117/12.2230964

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In other words, at the low spectral resolution of currently-available observations, we expect ∼14% changes in brightness temperature as a function of wavelength. This is broadly in agreement with our expectations from atmospheric physics: the skin layer of the atmosphere has temperature T skin = (1/2) 1/4 T eff (Pierrehumbert 2010), corresponding to 16% deviations from the planet's effective temperature. As the skin temperature represents the atmosphere's coolest layer, this suggests that 16% is a reasonable upper limit on the potential variability.…”

Section: Implementation Of Gaussian Process Regressionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Estimating dayside effective temperatures of hot Jupiters and associated uncertainties through Gaussian process regression

Pass

Cowan

Cubillos

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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In this work, we outline a new method for estimating dayside effective temperatures of exoplanets and associated uncertainties using Gaussian process (GP) regression. By applying our method to simulated observations, we show that the GP method estimates uncertainty more robustly than other model-independent approaches. We find that unbiased estimates of effective temperatures can be made using as few as three broad-band measurements (white-light HST WFC3 and the two warm Spitzer IRAC channels), although we caution that estimates made using only IRAC can be significantly biased. We then apply our GP method to the twelve hot Jupiters in the literature whose secondary eclipse depths have been measured by WFC3 and IRAC channels 1 and 2: CoRoT-2 b; HAT-P-7 b; HD 189733 b; HD 209458 b; Kepler-13A b; TrES-3 b; WASP-4 b; WASP-12 b; WASP-18 b; WASP-33 b; WASP-43 b; and WASP-103 b. We present model-independent dayside effective temperatures for these planets, with uncertainty estimates that range from ± 66 K to ± 136 K.

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Section: Implementation Of Gaussian Process Regressionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Estimating dayside effective temperatures of hot Jupiters and associated uncertainties through Gaussian process regression

Pass

Cowan

Cubillos

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…We find that most infrared transit observations by JWST (Cowan et al 2015;Stevenson et al 2016) and other current and near-future platforms, such as NESSI (Jurgenson et al 2010) and ARIEL (Puig et al 2016), are unaffected by stellar variability, except for rare cases where the target is bright, relatively active, and has a large transit depth (e.g., HD 189733b or, alternatively, targets with a ∼1% transit depth orbiting bright M-dwarfs). This conclusion is qualitatively in agreement with a study of the effects of stellar variability on the atmospheric retrievals of JWST transit spectroscopy observed at different epochs and observing modes (Barstow et al 2015).…”

Section: Forecasting the Effect Of Stellar Activity On Other Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Thus, our study anticipates additional future, repeated high-precision spectroscopic transit measurements to observe stellar variations in exoplanet host stars such as with the New Mexico Exoplanet Spectroscopic Survey Instrument (NESSI; Jurgenson et al 2010), which will commence a survey of ∼30 transiting exoplanets on the 200 inch Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory within the next year; ESA's Atmospheric Remote-sensing Exoplanet Large-survey (ARIEL), a proposed dedicated transiting exoplanet survey that will repeatedly measure the spectra (∼2-8 μm) of hundreds of exoplanets with multiple visits (Puig et al 2016;Tinetti et al 2016); and JWST, which will measure the infrared spectra of tens of transiting exoplanets (Cowan et al 2015;Stevenson et al 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting the Impact of Stellar Activity on Transiting Exoplanet Spectra

Zellem

Swain

Roudier

et al. 2017

ApJ

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Exoplanet host star activity, in the form of unocculted starspots or faculae, alters the observed transmission and emission spectra of the exoplanet. This effect can be exacerbated when combining data from different epochs if the stellar photosphere varies between observations due to activity. Here, we present a method to characterize and correct for relative changes due to stellar activity by exploiting multi-epoch (2 visits/transits) observations to place them in a consistent reference frame. Using measurements from portions of the planet's orbit where negligible planet transmission or emission can be assumed, we determine changes to the stellar spectral amplitude. With the analytical methods described here, we predict the impact of stellar variability on transit observations. Supplementing these forecasts with Kepler-measured stellar variabilities for F-, G-, K-, and M-dwarfs, and predicted transit precisions by the James Webb Space Telescope's (JWST) NIRISS, NIRCam, and MIRI, we conclude that stellar activity does not impact infrared transiting exoplanet observations of most presently known or predicted TESS targets by current or near-future platforms, such as JWST, as activity-induced spectral changes are below the measurement precision.

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“…ARIEL (Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey) is one of the M4 proposed missions in the framework of the ESA Cosmic vision program [1]. It is a mission conceived to study the atmospheres of exoplanets orbiting close to nearby stars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%