ARK2 stabilizes the plus‐end of microtubules and promotes microtubule bundling in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Lan, Miao; Liu, Xianan; Kang, Erfang; Fu, Ying; Zhu, Lei

doi:10.1111/jipb.13373

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

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“…Arabidopsis thaliana has 61 kinesin-related proteins, which includes ZWICHEL (ZWI), also known as KCBP (KINESIN-LIKE CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN), and Kinesin-13A, regulators of trichome elongation and branching (Oppenheimer et al, 1997; Lu et al, 2005). ARK1 (ARMADILLO REPEAT KINESIN1), ARK2 and ARK3 are three paralogous kinesins that are phosphorylated and regulated by the protein kinase NEK6 (NIMA-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE6), regulators of epidermal cell morphology (Motose et al, 2008; Motose et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2011; Takatani et al, 2015; Eng et al, 2017; Takatani et al, 2017; Takatani et al, 2020; Lan et al, 2023b; Lan et al, 2023a). NEK6 regulates microtubule responses during hypocotyl elongation in response to tensile stress (Takatani et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KIPK and KIPK-LIKE1 suppress overbending during negative hypocotyl gravitropic growth

Xiao,

Zourelidou,

Bassukas

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Plants use environmental cues, such as the direction of gravity or the direction, quantity and quality of light, to orientate organ and plant growth. During germination of angiosperm seeds in the soil, hypocotyl elongation is directed by negative gravitropism responses such that the seedling can reach the light for photosynthesis and autotrophic growth. Hypocotyl elongation in the soil, however, also requires mechanisms to efficiently grow around obstacles such as soil particles. Here, we identify KIPK (KINESIN-LIKE CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE) and the paralogous KIPKL1 (KIPK-LIKE1) as genetically redundant regulators of hypocotyl bending, in that KIPK and KIPKL1 are required to efficiently align hypocotyl growth with the gravity vector after obstacle avoidance. At the same time, we find that the highly homologous KIPKL2 (KIPK-LIKE2) must be functionally distinct. We further find that KIPK, and likely also KIPKL1, phosphorylate BRXL2 (BREVIS RADIX LIKE2) and ARKs (ARMADILLO REPEAT KINESINs), that mutants of both KIPK phosphorylation substrates share the overbending phenotype withkipk kipkl1mutants, and thatKIPKandKIPKL1act synergistically with the ARK-regulatoryNEK6(NIMA-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE6). We propose that KIPK and KIPKL1 regulate ARK kinesins and thereby cortical microtubules for efficient gravitropic hypocotyl bending.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KIPK and KIPK-LIKE1 suppress overbending during negative hypocotyl gravitropic growth

Xiao,

Zourelidou,

Bassukas

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Stable ARMADILLO REPEAT KINESIN 2 in light inhibits hypocotyl elongation and facilitates light-induced cortical microtubule reorientation in Arabidopsis

Lan

Kang

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Hypocotyls undergo different morphogenesis according to light and dark conditions. Cortical microtubules are reoriented in response to light to coordinate cell growth status. Kinesins are microtubule-based motor proteins that are mostly responsible for transporting organelles and vesicles, although some can also regulate microtubule organizations. However, whether kinesin can be involved in microtubule reorientation and hypocotyl elongation remains to be studied. Here, we demonstrated that ARMADILLO REPEAT KINESIN2 (ARK2) negatively regulated the hypocotyl elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana. The hypocotyl cells of the ark2 null allele were longer than those of the wild type and had relatively more transversely arranged cortical microtubules. Moreover, ARK2 co-localized with cortical microtubules and facilitated the light-induced reorientation of the cortical microtubule arrays. Interestingly, ARK2 protein is stable in the light and degraded through 26S proteasome pathway in the dark. Furthermore, we proved that ARK2 could interact with the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), which contributed to the down-regulation of ARK2 in darkness that may benefit hypocotyl growth in the dark.

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ARK2 stabilizes the plus‐end of microtubules and promotes microtubule bundling in Arabidopsis

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

KIPK and KIPK-LIKE1 suppress overbending during negative hypocotyl gravitropic growth

KIPK and KIPK-LIKE1 suppress overbending during negative hypocotyl gravitropic growth

Stable ARMADILLO REPEAT KINESIN 2 in light inhibits hypocotyl elongation and facilitates light-induced cortical microtubule reorientation in Arabidopsis

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