Armenia and Belarus: caught between the EU's and Russia's conditionalities?

Vieira, Alena; Vasilyan, Syuzanna

doi:10.1080/23745118.2018.1455337

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The first period (2000–2014) was characterized by the growing pragmatization of the bilateral partnership. During Boris Yeltsin’s presidency, Russia tried to foster a “collective we” and develop cooperation with the post-Soviet states using an affinity-based approach (Viera and Vasiliyan, 2018). As soon as Vladimir Putin came to power in 1999, he put Russia’s relations with its close neighborhood, primarily Belarus, on a commercial footing prioritizing Russia’s own interests (Nice, 2012: 6).…”

Section: A Snapshot Of Belarus-russia Relations In 2000–2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Russia’s game in Belarus: 2020 presidential elections as a checkmate for Lukashenka?

Leukavets¹

2021

New Perspectives

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Section: A Snapshot Of Belarus-russia Relations In 2000–2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Russia’s game in Belarus: 2020 presidential elections as a checkmate for Lukashenka?

Leukavets¹

2021

New Perspectives

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“…In other words, all EU countries, as well as the EU accession countries, will have to switch from fossil fuels to 94–96% carbon-free power, which is possible with electrification based on renewable energy sources, with an emphasis on increasing energy efficiency, increased use of electric transport systems and heat pumps, and the production of hydrogen and synthetic fuels [ 2 ]. In order to achieve climate neutrality of Europe, it is necessary to successfully implement the energy transition in neighbouring countries, which are part of Europe, but in which the energy transition process is slowed down for a number of reasons [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonisation of eastern European economies: monitoring, economic, social and security concerns

et al. 2022

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Background Decarbonisation of the European economy is one of the main strategic goals of energy transition in the European Union (EU), which aims to become a leader in this process by 2050 and to include other European countries making thus the European continent the first carbon neutral region in the world. Although decarbonisation is an important goal of the EU, the models for monitoring the progress of this process have not yet been clearly defined, and views on the social, economic, and security implications in terms of prioritising decarbonisation are conflicting. The main objective of this paper is to determine the methodological correctness of the existing method of decarbonisation monitoring, to develop a new monitoring model indicating the differences in the EU and European countries that are non-EU and to point out the underlying social, economic and security implications that must certainly find their place in the decision-making process in this field. Results The main results showed that there is no clearly defined model for monitoring the success of decarbonisation, while the indicators that are commonly used for this purpose make a model that, as the analysis shows—is methodologically incorrect. In the case of EU countries, the following indicators proved to be the most reliable: consumption-based CO2 and share in global CO2. For non-EU countries, the best monitoring indicators are CO2 per unit of GDP, consumption-based CO2, and renewable energy consumption. These indicators can explain 99% of the variance in decarbonisation success. Conclusions The basic conclusion of the paper is that even before the implementation, the decarbonisation monitoring model should be defined and methodologically tested, and the use of a single model for all EU countries or for all countries is not recommended. It is proposed to simplify the monitoring model, with an emphasis on monitoring of consumption-based CO2, which proved to be the most efficient in all sampled countries. The current method of monitoring is based exclusively on environmentally related indicators while ignoring the fact that decarbonisation is associated with almost all aspects of development. The additional social, economic and security aspects need to be developed and included in the further monitoring process.

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“…In other words, all EU countries, as well as the EU accession countries, will have to switch from fossil fuels to 94-96% carbon-free power, which is possible with electri cation based on renewable energy sources, with an emphasis on increasing energy e ciency, increased use of electric transport systems and heat pumps, and the production of hydrogen and synthetic fuels [2]. In order to achieve climate neutrality of Europe, it is necessary to successfully implement the energy transition in neighbouring countries, which are part of Europe, but in which the energy transition process is slowed down for a number of reasons [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonisation of Eastern European Economies: Monitoring, Economic, Social and Security Concerns

Radovanović

Filipović

Vukadinović

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background. Decarbonisation of the European economy is one of the main strategic goals of energy transition in the European Union (EU), which aims to become a leader in this process by 2050 and to include other European countries making thus the European continent the first carbon neutral region in the world. Although decarbonisation is an important goal of the EU, the models for monitoring the progress of this process have not yet been clearly defined, and views on the social, economic, and security implications in terms of prioritizing decarbonisation are conflicting. The main objective of this paper is to determine the methodological correctness of the existing method of decarbonisation monitoring, to develop a new monitoring model indicating the differences in the EU and European countries that are non-EU and to point out the underlying social, economic and security implications that must certainly find their place in the decision-making process in this field.Results.The main results showed that there is no clearly defined model for monitoring the success of decarbonisation, while the indicators that are commonly used for this purpose make a model that, as the analysis shows – is methodologically incorrect. In the case of EU countries, the following indicators proved to be the most reliable: Consumption based CO2 and Share in global CO2. For non-EU countries, the best monitoring indicators are CO2 per unit of GDP, Consumption based CO2, and Renewable energy consumption. These indicators can explain 99% of the variance in decarbonisation success. Conclusions.The basic conclusion of the paper is that even before the implementation, the decarbonisation monitoring model should be defined and methodologically tested, and the use of a single model for all EU countries or for all countries is not recommended. It is proposed to simplify the monitoring model, with an emphasis on monitoring of Consumption based CO2, which proved to be the most efficient in all sampled countries. The current method of monitoring is based exclusively on environmentally-related indicators while ignoring the fact that decarbonisation is associated with almost all aspects of development. The additional social, economic and security aspects need to be developed and included in the further monitoring process.

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Armenia and Belarus: caught between the EU's and Russia's conditionalities?

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Russia’s game in Belarus: 2020 presidential elections as a checkmate for Lukashenka?

Russia’s game in Belarus: 2020 presidential elections as a checkmate for Lukashenka?

Decarbonisation of eastern European economies: monitoring, economic, social and security concerns

Decarbonisation of Eastern European Economies: Monitoring, Economic, Social and Security Concerns

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