Armillaria luteobubalina mycelium develops air pores that conduct oxygen to rhizomorph clusters

Pareek, Mamta; Allaway, W. G.; Ashford, A. E.

doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2005.09.006

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Indeed, the ability to manipulate rhizomorph growth with various amendments to the growth medium (Weinhold, 1963), or with various temperature and moisture combinations (Pearce and Malajczuk, 1990), suggests that rhizomorph formation is influenced by a complex set of factors in addition to species' identity. It is possible that rhizomorphs have a role in Armillaria physiology, in addition to their epidemiological importance, based on a recent discovery that rhizomorphs contain pores specialized for gas exchange (Pareek et al ., 2006). Given that rhizomorphs have been shown to grow towards rather than away from the soil surface (Morrison, 1976), they may help mycelium to respire in the low oxygen and high carbon dioxide environment beneath the root bark.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Control Of Armillaria Root Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Armillaria rhizomorphs are among the most morphologically and functionally complex of all mycelial cord‐forming basidiomycetes, with distinct layers of cells (Fig. 1d) that function in apical or lateral growth (Motta, 1969) and with pores specialized for gas exchange (Pareek et al ., 2006). This review summarizes topics from monographs on Armillaria (Fox, 2000; Shaw and Kile, 1991) as background information on the pathogen, and highlights recent advances in research on the biological secrets of this subterranean fungus, which glows in the dark (Mihail and Bruhn, 2007), is one of the largest and oldest organisms on Earth (Smith et al ., 1992) and possesses edible basidiocarps (‘honey mushrooms’).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secrets of the subterranean pathosystem of Armillaria

Baumgartner

Coetzee

Hoffmeister

2011

Molecular Plant Pathology

168

174

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Armillaria root disease affects fruit and nut crops, timber trees and ornamentals in boreal, temperate and tropical regions of the world. The causal pathogens are members of the genus Armillaria (Basidiomycota, Physalacriaceae). This review summarizes the state of knowledge and highlights recent advances in Armillaria research. Taxonomy:Armillaria includes more than 40 morphological species. However, the identification and delineation of species on the basis of morphological characters are problematic, resulting in many species being undetected. Implementation of the biological species' concept and DNA sequence comparisons in the contemporary taxonomy of Armillaria have led to the discovery of a number of new species that are not linked to described morphological species.Host range: Armillaria exhibits a range of symbioses with both plants and fungi. As plant pathogens, Armillaria species have broad host ranges, infecting mostly woody species. Armillaria can also colonize orchids Galeola and Gastrodia but, in this case, the fungus is the host and the plant is the parasite. Similar to its contrasting relationships with plants, Armillaria acts as either host or parasite in its interactions with other fungi.Disease control: Recent research on post-infection controls has revealed promising alternatives to the former pre-plant eradication attempts with soil fumigants, which are now being regulated more heavily or banned outright because of their negative effects on the environment. New study tools for genetic manipulation of the pathogen and characterization of the molecular basis of the host response will greatly advance the development of resistant rootstocks in a new stage of research. The depth of the research, regardless of whether traditional or genomic approaches are used, will depend on a clear understanding of where the different propagules of Armillaria attack a root system, which of the pathogen's diverse biolymer-degrading enzymes and secondary metabolites facilitate infection, and how the course of infection differs between resistant and susceptible hosts.

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Section: Epidemiology and Control Of Armillaria Root Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrets of the subterranean pathosystem of Armillaria

Baumgartner

Coetzee

Hoffmeister

2011

Molecular Plant Pathology

168

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The gaseous content of the central cavity is evident from the exudation of bubbles from the cut ends of rhizomorphs that are severed within agar (data not shown). Gas transfer along rhizomorphs of A. luteobubalina has been studied by Pareek et al (2001Pareek et al ( , 2006.…”

Section: Rhizomorph Structure and Growth Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanics of invasive growth by Armillaria rhizomorphs

Yafetto

Davis

Money

2009

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…Clones thus formed may persist over centuries and may be of impressive size (Smith et al , 1992; Ferguson et al , 2003) if there continue to be sufficient sources of nutrition for absorption (Rizzo et al , 1992) and translocation (Granlund et al , 1985; Cairney et al , 1988; Gray et al , 1996) under turgor pressure (Eamus & Jennings, 1984). Although rhizomorphs are in general insulated from the environment the peripheral hyphae may act as organs of nutrient uptake (Pareek et al , 2001) with oxygen diffusing through a central gas‐filled cavity (Pareek et al , 2006). Contact of rhizomorphs with tree roots can result in tree‐to‐tree spread of the fungus, even when direct contact between diseased and healthy roots is not made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network formation by rhizomorphs of Armillaria lutea in natural soil: their description and ecological significance

Lamour

Termorshuizen

Volker

et al. 2007

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Armillaria lutea rhizomorphs in soil were mapped over areas of 25 m2 at a Pinus nigra (site I) and a Picea abies (site II) plantation. Rhizomorph density was 4.3 and 6.1 m m(-2) soil surface with 84% and 48% of the total rhizomorph length in the mapped area interconnected in a network at site I and site II, respectively. At site I there were only two network attachments to Pinus stumps, but at site II many more to Picea roots and stumps. Anastomoses of rhizomorphs resulted in cyclic paths, parts of the network that start and end at the same point. Connections between different rhizomorph segments were shown to allow gaseous exchange. The network at site I consisted of 169 rhizomorphs ('edges'), and 107 rhizomorph nodes ('vertices'). Disruption of two critical edges ('bridges') would lead to large parts (13% and 11%) being disconnected from the remainder of the mapped network. There was a low probability that amputation of a randomly chosen edge would separate the network into two disconnected components. The high level of connectedness may enhance redistribution of nutrients and provide a robust rhizomorph structure, allowing Armillaria to respond opportunistically to spatially and temporally changing environments.

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Armillaria luteobubalina mycelium develops air pores that conduct oxygen to rhizomorph clusters

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Secrets of the subterranean pathosystem of Armillaria

Secrets of the subterranean pathosystem of Armillaria

Biomechanics of invasive growth by Armillaria rhizomorphs

Network formation by rhizomorphs of Armillaria lutea in natural soil: their description and ecological significance

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