Arrays of normal metal tunnel junctions in weak Coulomb blockade regime

Hirvi, K. P.; Kauppinen, Juha; Korotkov, Alexander N.; Paalanen, M. A.; Pekola, Jukka P.

doi:10.1063/1.115090

Cited by 65 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Consequently, we assume that we can use the results of the test structures to model the full sensor array: We find in the best case a mean resistance of 70 kΩ with a standard deviation of 3.3 kΩ, corresponding to 4.7%. We use this result to simulate the deviation of a full sensor consisting of 77 junctions using the method described in [8,20] and find a resulting temperature deviation of 0.07%. As an upper limit, we found a resistance deviation of 11.4%, still resulting in a temperature deviation of 0.7%, well below 1%.…”

Section: Probing Of Individual Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lift-off is done by immersing the wafer in acetone at ambient temperature. Figure 1 depicts a small section of one sensor that consists in total of an array of 77 junctions in series to increase the signal strength and to suppress the influence of the electromagnetic environment [8,15] and in 30 parallel rows to reduce the final resistance of the sensor to a value of about 100 kΩ in order to facilitate the electrical measurement. Already the design of the mask takes the main requirement of the sensor, the small junction size We observe a remarkable reproducibility over the full 77x30 junction array, note that the 2nd shadow, that falls in the image always on the left, has a slightly reduced size due to partial blocking of mask from the first angle evaporation.…”

Section: Fabrication Of the Suspended Germanium Maskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimentally, the method of CBT is a well established tool for precise determination of temperatures below 1 K [5,6] with good precision [7]. At higher temperatures though, fabrication inhomogeneities [8] are setting strict limits to the feasibility of CBT, so that no precise sensors operating above about 10 K were reported so far. We will present in this work a CBT operating at temperatures up to 60 K and discuss the uncertainty component arising from fabrication imperfections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Accurate Coulomb blockade thermometry up to 60 kelvin

Meschke

Kemppinen

Pekola

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Section: Probing Of Individual Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Of the Suspended Germanium Maskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Accurate Coulomb blockade thermometry up to 60 kelvin

Meschke

Kemppinen

Pekola

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…We have neglected the offset charges on the islands since in the high temperature regime the charge distribution is quasicontinuous, h n 2 k i ) 1 [7]. Let us denote the islands surrounding the junction i by L and R. Then for the relevant processes only n L changes into n L Ç 1 and n R to n R AE 1, whereas all the other charge numbers remain constant.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Tunnel Junction Thermometry

Pekola¹,

Holmqvist²,

Meschke³

2008

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We describe the concept and experimental demonstration of primary thermometry based on a four probe measurement of a single tunnel junction embedded within four arrays of junctions. We show that in this configuration random sample specific and environment-related errors can be avoided. This method relates temperature directly to Boltzmann constant, which will form the basis of the definition of temperature and realization of official temperature scales in the future.

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“…In close analogy to the high temperature expansion for the SET, it behaves as G(T ) ≈ G 0 ((1 − E c /(3k B T )) . It can be shown [13,14] that the relation…”

Section: Psfrag Replacementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coulomb blockade in two-island systems with highly conductive junctions

et al. 2005

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We report measurements on single-electron pumps, consisting of two metallic islands formed by three tunnel junctions in series. We focus on the linear-response conductance as a function of gate voltage and temperature of three samples with varying system parameters. In all cases, strong quantum fluctuation phenomena are observed by a log (kBT /(2Eco)) reduction of the maximal conductance, where Eco measures the coupling strength between the islands. The samples display a rich phenomenology, culminating in a non-monotonic behavior of the maximal conductance as a function of temperature.PACS numbers: 73.23. Hk, 85.35.Gv, 73.40.Gk The transport properties of single electron devices are well described by the so called sequential tunneling model as long as the conductances of the underlying tunneling contacts are small compared to the conductance quantumIn most practical cases, however, one has to include higher-order corrections for a quantitative description due to quantum fluctuations of the charge number on the single electron islands. This has been demonstrated clearly for the single electron transistor (SET) [3,4,5,6,7]. Excellent agreement between experimental investigations and theoretical studies has been established at low conductances with the aid of perturbation expansion including the correct description of a logarithmic contribution to the linear-response conductance of the multichannel-Kondo type. At higher conductances however, perturbation theory breaks down. Nevertheless, by applying Monte-Carlo methods, the experimental results can be described with amazingly high accuracy [3,5,8]. The findings on the SET indicate that a close match between the model Hamiltonian and its experimental realization exists for single electron devices. It is not clear a priori whether the good agreement between perturbation expansion and experiment as well as Quantum-Monte-Carlo numerics found for the SET survives if more complex arrangements of single electron islands are investigated. E. g. the low temperature conductance of the SET involves finite occupation of only two states and the mapping onto the multichannel-Kondo model is based on identifying those two states with a pseudo spin. This procedure has no simple analogy in general arrangements. It is worthwhile to check the range of validity of perturbation theory in more general cases. Two island systems, readily accessible both by experiment and theory, serve as a good starting point.In this Letter we present an experimental study of the linear-response conductance of two single electron islands in series, an arrangement nicknamed single electron pump (SEP) [9,10,11] and sketched in Fig. 1. The linear-response conductance varies with the gate voltages and is bound between temperature dependent val- PSfrag replacementsSchematic representation of the single-electron pump. The three tunneling contacts T l , Tm, and Tr are laid out in a row forming two islands (each contact i ∈ {l, m, r} is characterized by its capacitance Ci and conductance Gi ≡ giGK ). n l and nr...

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Arrays of normal metal tunnel junctions in weak Coulomb blockade regime

Cited by 65 publications

References 2 publications

Accurate Coulomb blockade thermometry up to 60 kelvin

Accurate Coulomb blockade thermometry up to 60 kelvin

Primary Tunnel Junction Thermometry

Coulomb blockade in two-island systems with highly conductive junctions

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